Background: Lippia adoensis var. koseret is a well known medicinal plant endemic to Ethiopia. It has been traditionally used to treat different infectious diseases and also in food preparation as condiment. The aim of the current study was to evaluate antibacterial and antifungal activities of water, ethanol and methanol based crude extracts of L. adoensis var. koseret against selected human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Methods: Crude extracts of L. adoensis var. koseret were extracted by maceration method. Disc diffusion assay of the extracts were carried out in four different concentrations against three different bacteria species (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli) and two clinical isolated fungal species (Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus) by using Kirby-Baur disk diffusion method. Agar dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration, the minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations of the extracts against similar microorganisms. Results: Water-based extract of L. adoensis var. koseret exhibited significantly less antimicrobial activity as compared to ethanol and methanol crude extract against tested isolates of bacteria and fungi (P < 0.05); while, there was no significant difference between ethanol and methanol extracts. Among the tested microorganism S. aureus, was the most sensitive of all whereas C. albicans was the most resistant microorganism to alcohol based extract of L. adoensis var. koseret. The minimum inhibitory concentration of L. adoensis var. koseret ranged from 3.12 to 25mg/ml in the alcohol based extracts but it was higher in the water-based extract. The lower bactericidal concentration (5.20 mg/l) and the highest fungicidal concentration (37.50 mg/ml) were observed in methanol based extracts against S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively. Conclusions: Antimicrobial activity of L. adoensis var. koseret varies with extraction solvent and tested microorganisms.
Medicinal plants represent a rich source of antimicrobial agents. Even though hundreds of plant species have been tested for antimicrobial activities, the enormous mass of them have not been adequately evaluated. Taverniera abyssinica A. Rich is a widely used Ethiopian endemic medicinal plant commonly known under the local name of "Dingetegna". Medicinal plant preparations are generally very popular in developing countries with a long tradition in the use of them. Root of the medicinal plant was extracted by maceration method using three different extraction solvents. Disc diffusion assay and agar dilution method were used to determine antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus fecalis and Escherichia coli and clinical isolate of Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus. To compare extraction solvents and the difference in sensitivity of test microorganisms, one-way analysis of variance was used. T. abyssinica A. Rich extracts exhibited remarkable difference in antimicrobial activity between water and alcohol extract. On the other hand there were little differences in antimicrobial activities of extracts obtained using ethanol and methanol as solvents. As a whole, extracts showed better antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. faecalis and C. albicans while E. coli and A. flavus were the most resistant microorganisms to this medicinal plant. Antimicrobial activity of the medicinal plant varies with extraction solvent and tested microorganisms. Even though the local people are using this medicinal plant in treatment of various types of infectious disease, the medicinal plant has little antimicrobial activity. S. aureus was the most sensitive microorganism as compared to other tested microorganisms.
Introduction: In most of developed world Tuberculosis is considered as disease of the past. However; the impact of this disease is overwhelming in developing countries. Tuberculosis lymphadenitis is the main cause of lymphadenophathy in Sub-Saharan Africa. Hence; this study was aimed to assess the magnitude of Tuberculosis lymphadenitis in patient with enlarged lymph node referred to cytology unity of Hawassa University referral hospital. Methods: A five years trend of Tuberculosis lymphadenitis was retrospectively studied from January, 2009 to January, 2015. Data were entered and analysed by SPSS version 16.00. Logistic regression analyses were used to see the association of different variables. Odds ratios and 95% confidence interval were computed to determine the presence and strength of association. Results: A total of 1,067 lymph nodes were aspirated in a period of five years. Tuberculosis lymphadenitis was found to be 521(48.8%). Cervical lymph nodes were recorded to be the highest 286(54.89%) affected site with tuberculosis lymphadenitis. Age group of 11-20 years (AOR= 0.30, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.79) and 21-30 years (AOR= 0.37, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.97) were significantly associated with magnitude of tuberculosis lymphadenitis. Similarly, Cervical lymph nodes (AOR= 0.62, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.93) were found to be statistically associated with tuberculosis lymphadenitis. Conclusions: A significant percentage of enlarged lymph nodes were caused by Tuberculosis lymphadenitis. Age group and cervical lymph nodes were significantly associated with Tuberculosis lymphadenitis. Pathologists should be conscious of tuberculosis cases whenever they encounter enlarged lymph node to initiates immediate treatments.
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