Resumen: El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar los orígenes de la mediación escolar y de las disciplinas de las que se nutre. El tener una mejor compresión de los diferentes enfoques relacionados con la mediación, así como la terminología a ella asociada (justicia restaurativa, grupos cooperativos, alumnos ayudantes, etc.), permitirá tener una visión más amplia de sus posibilidades. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo una revisión desde las primeras aportaciones de los grupos indígenas, que aplicaban este tipo de conciliación en el seno de la comunidad, hasta la incorporación de esta forma de resolver conflictos al contexto judicial, a través de la justicia restaurativa. Junto con esta disciplina, la más ampliamente estudiada, hay otras áreas que han influido en el desarrollo de los programas de mediación en el contexto escolar, como son los programas de aprendizaje cooperativo o los programas de apoyo entre iguales. Finalmente se plantearán una serie de conclusiones insistiendo en cuáles son las aportaciones de cada uno de estos enfoques, lo cual ayudará a una mejor aplicación de esta intervención. Palabras clave: Ayuda entre iguales; aprendizaje cooperativo; diálogos restaurativos; grupos restaurativos; justicia restaurativa; prácticas restaurativas; mediación; mediación entre iguales. Title:Origins of the School Mediation Programs: Different approaches that influence this restorative practice. Abstract: The objective of the present article is to analyze the origins of school mediation and the disciplines that support it. A better knowledge of these different approaches and the terminology related (restorative justice, cooperative groups, supporting students, etc.) allows a broader understanding of its possibilities. To achieve this objective, a literature review was conducted: of aboriginal groups who use a concept of conciliation within their community, the incorporation into the judicial system, in addition to other areas that have influenced the development of mediation programs in educational settings, such as cooperative learning and peer support programs. Finally conclusions are presented, analyzing the contributions of each approach, which will result in better implementation of this intervention approach.

The purpose of this study was to examine the dimensional structure and measurement invariance of Bryant's Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents (IECA) (Bryant, 1982) across gender in a representative sample of primary school-aged children in Spain. The sample consisted of 2,050 children (50.80% girls), with a mean age of 9.80 years (SD = 1.24), recruited from 27 primary schools. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. The model that presented the best fit indices was Lasa, Holgado, Carrasco, and del Barrio's (2008) three-factor model: Understanding Feelings, Feelings of Sadness, and Tearful Reaction. The levels of internal consistency for the subscales ranged from .76 to .83. In addition, the results partially support the measurement invariance of the IECA across gender. When the latent means of the empathy dimensions were compared across gender, statistically significant differences were found. These results coincide with those found in the literature showing the multidimensionality of the IECA. Specifically, the findings support its three-factor structure and its invariance across gender, making it a very useful instrument for exploring the expression of empathy in primary school children.

Concern about the development of behavioral addictions in adolescence, including gambling, has increased in recent years. Evidence shows that problem gambling can lead to personal, social, or health problems. However, even though gambling is an illegal activity, studies on this problem are quite limited in Spain. The main objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of gambling in adolescents in Spain. Moreover, gambling behaviors were examined according to gender and age, and their possible relationship with several mental health indicators was analyzed. The results showed that 20.6% of the adolescents who participated in the study had gambled money in the past year. The highest gambling prevalence was found in boys and in adolescents from the age of 16 years old. Moreover, the results showed that gambling behavior was related to different mental health indicators.

En este estudio se analizó el uso de habilidades de escucha activa por parte de 19 alumnos (3º y 4º de ESO y 1º de Bachillerato) durante simulaciones de casos de mediación realizadas en sesiones de formación en habilidades para mediar. También se realizaron entrevistas y grupos de discusión para conocer la percepción de los alumnos sobre su propia ejecución. Se observó que los alumnos utilizan principalmente la estrategia de hacer preguntas abiertas, seguida de resumir y parafrasear; reflejar se usó con menor frecuencia y los mensajes yo en ninguna ocasión. Esto coincide con su percepción, ya que consideran que estas habilidades son difíciles de utilizar. Estos resultados señalan la necesidad de un periodo de prácticas donde aprender a automatizar el uso de estas habilidades, o de otro modo los alumnos no tendrán las competencias necesarias para asumir el rol de mediador.