This article details the development of a scale that measures the complexity of attributional schemata for human behavior-the Attributional Complexity Scale. In Study 1, we administered the scale to 289 subjects. The results showed that the scale had adequate internal reliability and test-retest reliability. In addition, a factor analysis yielded one major factor. Study 2 tested the discriminant and convergent validity of the scale. As predicted, attributional complexity was not related to social desirability, academic ability, or internal-external locus of control, but it was positively related to the need for cognition. Study 3 confirmed our prediction that psychology majors would have more complex attributional schemata than natural science majors. Studies 4 and 5 provided evidence for the external validity of the scale: Attributionally complex subjects, compared with attributionally simple subjects, spontaneously produced more causes for personality dispositions and selected more complex causal attributions for simple behavioral events. The implications for various issues in social cognition are discussed.

SUMMARYColonization of the intestine by putative pathogens was followed longitudinally in a cohort of 56 infants born during one calendar year in a rural Mexican village with faecal cultures taken every fortnight and every time a child had diarrhoea. The frequency of isolation of pathogens during episodes of diarrhoea was compared with that of matched controls from the same cohort. Incidence of diarrhoea during the first year of life was 98%, diminishing to 93% during the second year. The incidence curves for each year were not significantly different (P > 041). Isolation of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli producing heat-stable (ST) and/or heat-labile (LT) enterotoxins and rotaviruses was significantly higher in infants with diarrhoea during the first 2 years of life. In the case of shigella, although no significant differences were found by semester of life, 13 of 16 children in which these strains were found had diarrhoea. Isolation of Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and protozoa were not significantly different in the two groups during the period studied. Strains showing localized adherence to HEp-2 cells or the presence of colonization factor antigens I or E8775 were found with significantly higher frequency in children with diarrhoea. Eighty-two percent of ST' or LT' ETEC strains isolated produced one of the three known colonization factors.

Three new polynuclear Mn II complexes with chloroacetate bridges were obtained and characterized by X-ray diffraction: [Mn 3 (µ-ClCH 2 COO) 6 (bpy) 2 ] (1), [Mn 2 (µ-ClCH 2 COO) 2 -(phen) 4 ](ClO 4 ) 2 (2), and [Mn(µ-ClCH 2 COO) 2 (phen)] n (3). The Mn···Mn distance for 1 (3.624 Å ) is smaller than for 2 (4.613 Å ) and 3 (4.530 Å ); this is in agreement with the number of carboxylate bridges. The three compounds show a weak antiferromagnetic coupling. The J values are −3.82 cm −1 for

Four new binuclear Mn(III) complexes with carboxylate bridges have been synthesized: [[Mn(nn)(H(2)O)](2)(mu-ClCH(2)COO)(2)(mu-O)](ClO(4))(2) with nn = bpy (1) or phen (2) and [[Mn(bpy)(H(2)O)](2)(mu-RCOO)(2)(mu-O)](NO(3))(2) with RCOO = ClCH(2)COO (3) or CH(3)COO (4). The characterization by X-ray diffraction (1 and 3) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) (1-4) displays the relevance of this spectroscopy to the elucidation of the structural environment of the manganese ions in this kind of compound. Magnetic susceptibility data show an antiferromagnetic coupling for all the compounds: J = -2.89 cm(-1) (for 1), -8.16 cm(-1) (for 2), -0.68 cm(-1) (for 3), and -2.34 cm(-1) (for 4). Compounds 1 and 3 have the same cation complex [[Mn(bpy)(H(2)O)](2)(mu-ClCH(2)COO)(2)(mu-O)](2+), but, while 1 shows an antiferromagnetic coupling, for 3 the magnetic interaction between Mn(III) ions is very weak. The four compounds show catalase activity, and when the reaction stopped, Mn(II) compounds with different nuclearity could be obtained: binuclear [[Mn(phen)(2)](mu-ClCH(2)COO)(2)](ClO(4))(2), trinuclear [Mn(3)(bpy)(2)(mu-ClCH(2)COO)(6)], or mononuclear complexes without carboxylate. Two Mn(II) compounds without carboxylate have been characterized by X-ray diffraction: [Mn(NO(3))(2)(bpy)(2)][Mn(NO(3))(bpy)(2)(H(2)O)]NO(3) (5) and [Mn(bpy)(3)](ClO(4))(2).0.5 C(6)H(4)-1,2-(COOEt)(2).0.5H(2)O (8).