This study was conducted on fourteen male mongrel dogs, about 18-24 months old, and average weight 10 to 12 kgs.

INTRODUCTION:Periodontal diseases are the most prevalent infectious illnesses affecting tissues supporting the teeth, as well as the most common type of bone pathology. In the field of periodontology, stem cells, as well as tissue engineering, have been introduced and have shown promising results in periodontitis treatment. Researchers have been particularly interested in nonscaffold tissue engineering strategies such as cell injection and cell sheet. The fundamental advantage of cell injection is that it is a non-invasive procedure. Local injection of Adipose stem cells (ASCs) may be a helpful cells source that is used in tissue-engineering techniques since adipose tissue is relatively inexpensive to procure and is available in enormous amounts. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the biological effect of the therapeutic role of adipose-derived stem cells on healing of alveolar bone with ligature induced periodontitis in rats using histological assessment, Scanning Electron Microscope analysis, and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this research, 36 adult, male, albino, six months rats (200-250 grams) were used. The rats were split equally into three groups: group A; (control group), group B; (induced periodontitis), and group C: (induced periodontitis treated with Adipose Stem Cells). In each group, 12 rats were euthanized after four weeks from the beginning of the study respectively. RESULTS: The histological, SEM and EDX results revealed restoration of the alveolar bone level around mandibular first molar. CONCLUSION: Adipose-derived Stem Cells accelerated healing of alveolar bone in induced periodontitis rats and enhanced the osteoblastic activity.

Background Calcium makes up 1-2⸓ percent of a person’s body weight, and 99⸓ of it can be found in bones and teeth. The remaining circulates in the blood, muscles, and other tissues. Calcium deficient diet affect general health by causing obesity, fat accumulation, diabetes (insulin resistance), osteoporosis and finally bad oral health due to the non- functioning salivary gland caused by hypocalcemia If calcium deficiency is not treated, it is considered a fatal condition. Calcium is used entirely by the salivary gland to induce its secretory function also it acts as a common modulator mediator for all receptors. Calcium deficiency increases fat cell formation and decreases exocytosis. Aim of this study is to investigate the effect of calcium on general health and on the parotid salivary gland structure in rats. Methods: twenty-four adult male albino rats weighting from 150-200 grams were divided into two groups 12 rat each, group I: control, group II: calcium deficient diet. Body weight, general health observations were measured weekly throughout the experimental period while blood serum level of cholesterol, calcium, insulin, and glucose were all measured at the end of the experiment which lasted for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized, and the parotid glands were dissected, prepared for light and electron microscopic examination. Results: Group II showed obesity, increase in blood cholesterol, insulin, and glucose level. The ultra-structural and histological examinations showed loss of the normal architecture of acini and duct system as well as the capsule. Conclusion: calcium deficient has a toxic effect on general health and on the parotid salivary gland structure.

INTRODUCTION:Alveolar process is thickened bone that encloses sockets of teeth in the jaws holding the teeth. Periodontitis is a prevalent condition in which the gums and deeper periodontal structures become inflamed. Inflammation can extend below gums and alongside teeth roots, initiating damage of supporting bone and periodontal ligament. Bioabsorbable (CM) collagen membranes with guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is usually performed to manage periodontal defects. Oral wounds are treated by of Resorbable collagen membranes (RCMs) xenogeneic or allogeneic origin. They are whether resorbable and non-resorbable to be easily used. OBJECTIVE: Evaluating biological impact of collagen membrane on alveolar bone healing with a ligature made periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five adult male albino rats were used , each of them weighing 200-250 grams (approximately six months of age) and they were divided into three equal groups: group A; (control group), group B; (induced periodontitis), and group C: (collagen membrane) at week twelve the animals were sacrificed, and mandibles were dissected and histological sections were prepared for histological and histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: After 12 weeks, specimens of group B showed alveolar bone loss, while in collagen membrane group, they indicated relative restoration of alveolar bone. Histomorphometric analysis results revealed that bone percentage per field in periodontitis group was lower than collagen membrane treated group. CONCLUSION: Placement of collagen membrane accelerates alveolar bone healing and enhances bone formation in periodontal diseases.

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