A cost-effective and highly reproducible capillary-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform for sensitive, portable detection and identification of fentanyl is presented. Through encapsulating gold trisoctahedra (Au TOH) in the capillary tube for the first time, the SERS platform was constructed by combining the superior SERS properties of Au TOH and the advantages of capillaries in SERS signal amplification, facile sample extraction, and portable trace analysis. The effects of the size and density of Au TOH on the SERS performance were investigated by experiments and simulations, which showed that the maximum SERS enhancement was obtained for Au TOH with the size of 75 nm when particle density reached 74.54 counts/μm2. The proposed SERS platform possesses good reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 5%. As a demonstration, the platform was applied to detect fentanyl spiked in aqueous solution and serum samples with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 1.86 and 40.63 ng/mL, respectively. We also validated the feasibility of the designed platform for accurate identification of trace fentanyl adulterated in heroin at mass concentration down to 0.1% (10 ng in 10 μg total). Overall, this work advances more explorations on capillary-based SERS platform to benefit portable trace analysis.
Background and objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of topical interventions used for recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Materials and Methods: This network meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. We searched four electronic databases, PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Embase, for randomized controlled trials reporting efficacy and safety data on topical interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis. We performed a quality evaluation using a methodology based on the Cochrane Handbook. Two authors independently extracted data on healing effect, size reduction effect, symptom reduction effect, recurrence and safety assessment. Network meta-analysis was then performed using ADDIS and RevMan. Results: A total of 72 trials (5272 subjects) involving 29 topical interventions were included. Honey, lnsulin liposome gel, laser, amlexanox, glycyrrhiza and triamcinolone had better efficacy performance. Probiotics and chlorhexidine helped to prolong ulcer intervals and reduce recurrence. Doxycycline and penicillin had a high risk of adverse events. Hematologic evaluation showed no preference. The rank possibility of size-reducing effect and symptom-reducing effect supported the short-term effect of laser and the long-term effect of probiotics. Conclusions: We recommend the use of laser as a short-term intervention during the exacerbation phase of RAS and probiotics as a long-term intervention during the exacerbation and remission phases of RAS.
Although the advent of two-dimensional (2D) MXenes has substantially increased the family of 2D materials and diverse applications, the rational design of MXene-based composites and their specialized applications in theranostic biomedicine remain a challenge. In this work, we developed, for the first time, Ti 3 C 2 MXene nanosheets for near-infrared (NIR)-IIb (1530 nm) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided photothermal therapy. Surface engineering and functionalization of 2D Ti 3 C 2 MXene nanosheets with NaErF 4 :0.5%Tm@NaLuF 4 (NaErF 4 ) nanoparticles result in NaErF 4 @ Ti 3 C 2 composites that emit in the NIR-IIb region at 1530 nm under 808 nm excitation, conferring NIR-IIb imaging guidance and monitoring capabilities during tumor hyperthermia. Due to the inherent magnetic properties of the Er 3+ ions, the NaErF 4 @Ti 3 C 2 composite can also be used for efficient T 2weighted MR imaging. In particular, based on the high photothermal conversion capability (43.62% at 808 nm irradiation) and photothermal stability, the designed composites were further explored for efficient tumor ablation with an inhibition ratio of 92.9%, which was systematically demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. No significant nanocomposite toxicity was observed at the injected dose. This work not only expands the performance of MXene-based multifunctional nanostructures but also highlights the promise of their versatile applications in cancer therapy.
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