Introduction
Menstruation is the physical herald to physiologic capacity of conception. Attainment of menarche in a girl brings in a lot of confidence and feminism in a girl. Though the incidence of primary amenorrhea is less than 1%, it accounts for significant amount of psychological trauma. In the present day scenario, there are a lot of investigative and treatment modalities which can at least restore her menstrual functions, if not reproductive, and prevent complications.
Aims
The objective of this study is to note the various causes of primary amenorrhea and the complete clinical picture and the management done in a tertiary care center like Vanivilas Hospital and Bowring Hospital, Bengaluru.
Materials and methods
This is a prospective study done in 40 patients of primary amenorrhea presenting to Vanivilas Hospital and Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital, Bengaluru during a 2 years period. They were investigated and managed. The patients were followed up for their response to treatment.
Results
Out of the 40 patients studied, Mayer-Rokitansky- Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome (32.5%) and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (32.5%) were most common. Cryptomenorrhea (17.5%), automatic identification system (AIS) (7.5%) and miscellaneous (4%) were found.
Conclusion
Evidence of primary amenorrhea is less than 1%. A detailed investigation may lead to treatment in many cases.
How to cite this article
Anitha GS, Tejeswini KK, Shivamurthy G. A Clinical Study of Primary Amenorrhea. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(3):158-166.
Objective: HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) is a component of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy that is associated with significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. HELLP syndrome is regarded as a high risk for the mother and neonate compared to preeclampsia. Aims: This study evaluates the maternal and perinatal outcome in HELLP syndrome so that the management is improved resulting in reduced mortality and morbidity. Materials and methods: It is an observational study where a total number of 56 cases of HELLP syndrome above 24 weeks of gestational age were admitted in Vanivilas Hospital, Bengaluru, during the study period of 24 months from October 2010 to October 2012. Results: In the present study, majority (71.43%) of the patients were unbooked. There was no difference in parity among cases. Maternal mortality was 7.14% and perinatal mortality was 46.43%. Conclusion: We have to intensify our efforts to reduce preeclampsia with HELLP syndrome from the grassroot level with regular antenatal care, early detection of preeclampsia, and its prompt management and early detection of complications with timely intervention.
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