A modified Butler-Volmer equation for the reduction of CO 2 by considering multi-step single electron transfer reactions is presented. Exchange current density formulations free from arbitrary order dependency on the partial pressures of reactants and products are proposed for Ni and Pt surfaces. Button cell simulations are performed for Ni-YSZ/YSZ/LSM, Pt-YSZ/YSZ/Pt, and Pt/YSZ/Pt systems using two different electrochemical models and simulation results are compared against experimental observations. The first electrochemical model considers charge transfer reactions occurring at the interface between the electrode and dense electrolyte and the second model considers the charge transfer reactions occurring throughout the thickness of the cermet electrode. Single channel simulations are further performed to asses the O 2 production capacity of CO 2 electrolysis system.
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