The Castang Foundation, Bath Unit for Research in Paediatrics, National Institute of Health Research, the Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, BRONNER-BENDER Stiftung/Gernsbach, University Children's Hospital Zurich.
A 5-year-old girl of Ghanaian origin presented to the accident and emergency department with genital bleeding of sudden onset in the previous 12 h. A diagnosis of urethral prolapse was made. The congestion and bleeding settled with a daily sitz bath and topical oestrogen cream for 4 weeks, while the prolapse was referred to urologists.
Urological problems are common causes of disease in children, with a number of conditions having long-term implications for the patient. Many are treatable, and there is a duty of care to intervene early and appropriately to avoid preventable morbidity. The aim of this article is to help GPs understand, evaluate, manage and refer appropriately.
Universal screening is offered to all children in the UK, as specified in the Department of Health’s core document National Service Framework for Children, Young People and Maternity. Screening programmes help early detection of health problems, maximising opportunities for timely intervention and best outcomes for children. Newborns are inspected immediately after birth. A full physical examination is conducted within 72 hours. Babies are screened for six inherited metabolic diseases in addition to hypothyroidism, cystic fibrosis and haemoglobinopathies. Newborn hearing screen is universal. The 6–8 week check is an integral part of the screening schedule for children in the UK.
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