Miniaturizing in chip technology, optics, micro mechanics, medicine, gene and biotechnology requires highly precise positioning techniques. The motivation for the new manipulation technology is the desire to enter the micro- and nanoworld not only by viewing but also acting, altering micro- and nanosized objects. A new era on medicine are expected to happen in the coming years. Due to the advances in the field of nanotechnology, nanodevice manufacturing has been growing gradually. From such achievements in nanotechnology and recent results in biotechnology and genetics, the first operating biological nanorobots are expected to appear in the coming 5 years and more complex diamondoid based nanorobots will become available in about 10 years. In terms of time, it means a very near better future with significant improvements in medicine.

A new Single Core Osmotic Pump (SCOP) tablet which osmotically delivers high doses of low solubility drugSertraline Hydrochloride (SET) has been developed. The formulations were compared based on six comparative parameters namely, Q24(total release after 24hr), Q12(total release after 12hr),TL (lag time), RSQzero12 (R square of zero order equation for drug release in 12hr), RR12 (in vitro release rate for 12 hr) and T80%(time require to deliver 80% of drug). The drug release profile from osmotic devices showed that the type of polymer and concentration in the core formulation can markedly affect the drug release. Increasing the amount of osmogent to an optimum level significantly increased Q12 and improved zero order release pattern of SET. Bioavailability enhancing additive, citric acid was added in core formulation, which has multifunction property like enhancedSET solubility, create osmotic pressure difference, act as flux regulating agent and make SET containing composition more hydrophilic. As a result, TL and T80% were decreased and Q12 and RR12 were increased. Increasing concentration of PEG 4000 in the semipermeable membrane of the SCOP markedly decreased TL, T80%and increased Q12, Q24 and RR12. Optimum aperture diameter for the formulations was determined to be 850 µm for zero order release pattern. This study also revealed thatoptimization of SPM thickness is very important for approaching zero order kinetics.The developed SCOP system could be effective to formulate a single layer osmotic controlled release tablet of water insoluble drug with large dose.

The vagina, as a drug delivery site, offers certain unique features that can be exploited in order to achieve desirable therapeutic effects. By contrast, scientific knowledge of the possibilities of drug delivery via the vagina is limited. The currently available vaginal dosage forms have limitations, such as leakage, messiness and low residence time, which contribute to poor subject or patient compliance (1).In general, conventional controlled dosage forms delay the release of therapeutic systemic levels and do not provide a rapid onset of action. To modify the release of the drug from these systems, the surface area exposed to a fluid can be restricted by the addition of barrier layers to one or both sides of the tablets (2-4). However, most multilayer sys- The purpose of the present investigation was to produce a quick/slow biphasic delivery system for metoclopramide hydrochloride using the superdisintegrant Ac-di-sol for the fast release layer and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K100M and Ucarflock 302 to modulate the release of the drug. A dual component tablet made up of a sustained release and an immediate release layer was prepared by direct compression. A 3 2 full factorial design was applied to systematically optimize the drug release profile of the sustained release layer. The results of the full factorial design indicate that a small amount of HPMC K100M and a large amount of Ucarflock 302 favor sustained release of the metoclopramide hydrochloride vaginal dual component system. The ex vivo residence time reveals that the formulation was retained for more than 10 h. The formulation gave an initial burst effect to provide the loading dose of the drug followed by sustained release for 12 h, thus solving the problem of repeated administration, especially in pregnancy.

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