Isolated sodium deoxycholate was almost as effective as the phosphatidylcholine formulation, at clinical concentrations, in reducing the viability of mature adipocytes over time. Similar cytotoxic effects of phosphatidylcholine formulation on normal foreskin fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and human skeletal muscle cells also were observed. The data prove that the formulation acts in a nonspecific manner and that its unintentional administration to other tissues causes cell death.
Both the capecitabine tablet formulations demonstrated equivalent rate and extent of systemic absorption, and hence were considered bioequivalent. Therefore, the two formulations can be considered as equivalent in terms of pharmacokinetics and safety profiles.
The objective of the present work was to develop a metered dose spray formulation for transdermal delivery of oxybutynin and to carry out the in vitro characterization of the optimized formulation. Oxybutynin release from a series of ethanol/acetone/methylal based formulations was assessed in vitro and the developed formulation was used for delivery from a metered dose spray. Various qualitative and quantitative parameters like spray pattern, particle size distribution, pH, evaporation time, pump seal efficiency test, average weight per metered dose, content per spray and content uniformity were evaluated. The different film forming agents were assessed and carbopol (0.5%) and lutrol (0.1%) were found to give good clarity of solution, evaporation rate, spray pattern and tackiness of the film. Diffusion studies of the optimized formulations through the semipermeable membrane showed the release of drug to the extent of almost 50% over a period of 24 h. Stability studies were conducted as per ICH guidelines and indicated that formulations were stable. Skin irritation studies were performed using rabbit as an animal model. The results obtained show that the metered dose transdermal spray formulation can be a promising and innovative therapeutic system for the transdermal administration of oxybutynin.
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