Stress plays an important role in human life. Under normal conditions it has a favorable influence. However, constant pathological stress can be harmful. The results can be depression, leading sometimes to alcohol and/or drug abuse, or suicide. Some specific groups of society are affected by stress more frequently and more severely. One of these groups is the police. This article aims to identify key psychosocial problems which police officers of Lithuania are encountering in an independent post‐communist state. The common social situation in Lithuania is briefly reviewed and the main stress factors which influence police officers are evaluated using a specially developed Lithuanian University of Law Questionnaire (LULQ). The stress factors having the greatest negative effect are the administrative problems of police work, family problems, and an ineffective criminal justice system. The results are compared with similar studies carried out in the USA. The necessity of amendments in LULQ and survey design, as well as the development of a program of police officer psychophysiological “abilitation” and rehabilitation, are discussed.
Objective:to look peculiarities of mental disorders in the elderly in different regions of Lithuania.Method:We analyzed three regions of Lithuania: Panevėžys region, Palanga region and Varėna region. They are in the different parts of Lithuania. We have chosen data about mental disorders according International Statistical Illness and Health Problems Classification. We collected data with code F20- F25. We have analyzed case-records, which were filled in January 2006.Results and Conclusions:In Panevėžys region the elderly was 28, 89% (n= 39) of all collected data about mental disorders. Respectively in Varėna region- 42, 86 proc. (n= 6); in Palanga region- 21,05 proc. (n= 4). Average age of elderly was 66, 65 years. Respectively in Panevėžys region- 66,31 years; in Varėna region- 67,17 years; in Palanga region- 69,25 years. 65, 31% of all elderly with mental disorders were women. 75, 51% of all elderly diagnosis was schizophrenia (F20) in all regions. Mental disorders identified before 2006 were 95, 92% and mental disorders identified in January 2006 were 4, 08%. The difference in the disease rate in studied regions correlate with P, Li, Zn, Mn concentrations in the soil and possibly had an effect via the food chain. Also, the drinking water can to be of some importance. Comparing these three regions, there was seen clear natural environment differences. Magnetic field has different activity in these regions. All through Panevėžys region pass the largest tectonic zone in Lithuania.
Introduction:In the past two decades sexual offences against minors in Lithuania increaed dramatically (from 45 cases in 1994 up to 344 in 2010, 3151 in total, of which only 25% had been directed to psychiatric examination. In our judicial practice neither pedophily nor any sexual disorder is considered to substantiate perpetrator's insanity.The aim of research: to establish some mental peculiarities of sexual offenders against minors, their personality traits and reasons of sexual encroachment.Sample and methods:We compiled a special questionnaire to analize all 787 psychiatric and psychological examinations completed in 1994–2010 in cases of sexual offences against minors.Findings and discussion:The offender in these cases is likely to be a single male of 20–30 years, below secondary education, unemployed, w/o criminal history, having contacted psychiatrist due to mental retardation, personality or behavior disorder. Mental disorder was previously diagnosed in 41% (+ 20% added during the examination, mostly with personality/behavior disorders and abating neurotic/affective/stress disorders and mental retardation). Among those recommended for insanity (N=61) 49% made disorders of schizophrenia spectrum. Only 11% of the total had owned the perpetration and gave their motives.Conclusions:Pedophilia was diagnosed in 1,3% of the sample, revealing no specific personality traits except of more notableindependence.Sexual offences against minors are perpetrated equally by pedophiles, people with other mental problems and the mentallysound, so prevention and education are indispensible while serving the punishment and afterwards.Preventive measures and sexual education should be addressed to violence and child abuse in family.
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