The prevention and control of nosocomial infection (NI) are becoming increasingly difficult, and its mechanism is becoming increasingly complex. A globally aging population means that an increasing proportion of patients have a susceptible constitution, and the frequent occurrence of severe infectious diseases has also led to an increase in the cost of prevention and control of NI. Medical buildings’ spatial environment design for the prevention of NI has been a hot subject of considerable research, but few previous studies have summarized the design criteria for a medical building environment to control the risk of NI. Thus, there is no suitable evaluation framework to determine whether the spatial environment of a medical building is capable of inhibiting the spread of NI. In the context of the global spread of COVID-19, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of the existing medical building environment in terms of inhibiting the spread of NI and to verify current environmental improvement strategies for the efficient and rational use of resources. This study determines the key design elements for the spatial environment of medical buildings, constructs an evaluation framework using exploratory factor analysis, verifies the complex dominant influence relationship, and prioritizes criteria in the evaluation framework using the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory- (DEMATEL-) based analytical network process (ANP) (DANP). Using representative real cases, this study uses the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to evaluate and analyze the performance with the aspiration level of reducing the NI risk. A continuous and systematic transformation design strategy for these real cases is proposed. The main contributions of this study include the following: (1) it creates a systematic framework that allows hospital decision-makers to evaluate the spatial environment of medical buildings; (2) it provides a reference for making design decisions to improve the current situation using the results of a performance evaluation; (3) it draws an influential network relation map (INRM) and the training of influence weights (IWs) for criteria. The sources of practical problems can be identified by the proposed evaluation framework, and the corresponding strategy can be proposed to avoid the waste of resources for the prevention of epidemics.
In order to promote sustainable development and economic growth, the city shall pay attention to the interaction rule between local cultural heritage resources and community residents, and advance the continuous consolidation of local cultural identity in the process of community activation and renewal. This poses a key challenge for many cities to continue to promote community renewal and activation of urban villages. In this study, the FI-RST model was constructed to effectively manage such projects by taking both top-down and bottom-up decision-making thinking into consideration in the formulation of the revitalization development strategies of urban villages. South China’s Huangpu Village in Guangzhou City is taken as an example in this study to clarify the logical relationship between the top-down key points of community activation and renewal development and the consolidation of local cultural identity by respecting the rules of community life and behavior, and then the Huangpu Village revitalization and development strategies are developed. A new multi-attribute decision analysis model is developed and utilized in this study, which provides a project management idea for the activation of urban cultural heritage villages, that is a model that not only supports community renewal and cultural activation, but also pays attention to community residents’ needs and emotional feedback.
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