Background and Purpose Although preclinical studies have shown inflammation to mediate perihematomal edema (PHE) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), clinical data are lacking. Leukocyte count, often used to gauge serum inflammation, has been correlated with poor outcome, but its relationship with PHE remains unknown. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that leukocyte count is associated with PHE growth. Methods We included patients with ICH admitted to a tertiary-care stroke center between 2011-2015. The primary outcome was absolute PHE growth over 24 hours, calculated using semi-automated planimetry. Linear regression models were constructed to study the relationship between absolute and differential leukocyte counts (monocyte count and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio [NLR]), and 24-hour PHE growth. Results A total of 153 patients were included. Median hematoma and PHE volumes at baseline were 14.4 (interquartile range [IQR], 6.3-36.3) and 14.0 (IQR, 5.9-27.8), respectively. In linear regression analysis adjusted for demographics and ICH characteristics, absolute leukocyte count was not associated with PHE growth (beta, 0.07, standard error [SE], 0.15, p=0.09). In secondary analyses, NLR was correlated with PHE growth (beta, 0.22; SE, 0.08; p=0.005). Conclusions Higher NLR is independently associated with PHE growth. This suggests that PHE growth can be predicted using differential leukocyte counts on admission.

This article was corrected on May 21, 2018, to correct 2 numbers in the Table (91 [16.4%] and 110 [19.8]). These had been presented in reverse order and are now presented correctly.

Objectives: Our objective was to identify characteristics associated with having an acute ischemic stroke (AIS) among hospitalized COVID-19 patients and the subset of these patients with a neurologic symptom.Materials and Methods: Our derivation cohort consisted of COVID-19 patients admitted to Yale-New Haven Health between January 3, 2020 and August 28, 2020 with and without AIS. We also studied a sub-cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients demonstrating a neurologic symptom with and without an AIS. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory results were compared between AIS and non-AIS patients in the full COVID-19 cohort and in the sub-cohort of COVID-19 patients with a neurologic symptom. Multivariable logistic regression models were built to predict ischemic stroke risk in these two COVID-19 cohorts. These 2 models were externally validated in COVID-19 patients hospitalized at a major health system in New York. We then compared the distribution of the resulting predictors in a non-COVID ischemic stroke control cohort.Results: A total of 1,827 patients were included in the derivation cohort (AIS N = 44; no AIS N = 1,783). Among all hospitalized COVID-19 patients, history of prior stroke and platelet count ≥ 200 × 1,000/μL at hospital presentation were independent predictors of AIS (derivation AUC 0.89, validation AUC 0.82), irrespective of COVID-19 severity. Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients with a neurologic symptom (N = 827), the risk of AIS was significantly higher among patients with a history of prior stroke and age <60 (derivation AUC 0.83, validation AUC 0.81). Notably, in a non-COVID ischemic stroke control cohort (N = 168), AIS patients were significantly older and less likely to have had a prior stroke, demonstrating the uniqueness of AIS patients with COVID-19.Conclusions: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients who demonstrate a neurologic symptom and have either a history of prior stroke or are of younger age are at higher risk of ischemic stroke.