Objective:To evaluate the apical sealing ability and adaptation of three resin-based sealers to the dentine.Materials and Methods:A total of 66 recently extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were subjected for the study. The teeth were prepared and obturated with gutta-percha by a lateral condensation using AH Plus, Endorez and Epiphany sealers. Fifteen teeth from each group were used for the apical leakage test and the remaining five teeth from each group were used for examination under the scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Student Newman-Keuls test.Results:Epiphany sealer showed better sealing ability and adaptation to dentine.Conclusion:The Epiphany sealer has a better apical sealing ability and adaptation to dentine than the AH Plus and Endorez sealers.
Background and Objective:The objective of this study was to compare bacterial leakage using streptococcus mutans through gutta-percha and a thermoplastic synthetic polymer based root canal filling material (Resilon) using two filling techniques.Materials and Methods:A total of 90 single-rooted extracted human teeth were subjected for the study. Teeth were divided into 6 groups of 10 and 3 control groups of 10 teeth each. All the samples were decoronated and the coronal surfaces of the roots were prepared perpendicular to the long axis of the root with a high-speed handpiece and a multipurpose bur using air water spray. The length of all the roots was prepared approximately 16 mm from the coronal surface to the apex of the root. Roots were filled using lateral and vertical condensation techniques with gutta-percha and AH26 sealer (Group 1 and 2) or with gutta-percha and epiphany sealer (Group 3 and 4). Group 5 and 6 were filled with Resilon and epiphany sealer using the lateral and vertical condensation techniques. A split chamber microbial leakage model was used in which S. mutans placed in the upper chamber could reach the lower chamber only through the filled root canal. Group 7 and 8 (positive control) were filled with Resilon and gutta-percha without sealer and tested with bacteria, whereas Group 7 (negative control) was sealed with wax to test the seal between the chambers. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test.Results:All positive groups (Group 7 and 8) showed leakage within 1 hour of the start of the study (100%), whereas none of the negative control (Group 9) leaked. The roots obturated with Resilon and epiphany (Group 5 and 6) showed minimal leakage, i.e., each with 6 leakages, which was significantly less than gutta-percha (Group 1–4), in which approximately 80% of specimens with either sealer or techniques leaked. Kruskal–Wallis test showed statistical significance when all groups were compared (P<0.05). Mann–Whitney U test compared the respective groups and found Resilon groups superior to gutta-percha groups (P<0.05).Interpretation and Conclusion:This study demonstrated that the new polymer-based Resilon and epiphany sealer using two obturating techniques, i.e., lateral as well as vertical condensation found to be significantly better than the gutta-percha.
Aim:To compare the incidence of apical root crack formation after root canal preparation at different instrumentation lengths using ProTaper Universal (PTU), ProTaper Next (PTN) and ProTaper Gold (PTG) file systems.Subjects and Methods:Eighty-four mandibular first premolars with single and straight root canal were mounted in resin block after simulating periodontal ligaments. 1–2 mm of root apex was exposed followed by sectioning of 1 mm of root tip for better stereomicroscopic visualization. While the Control group was left unprepared, experimental groups were instrumented up to root canal length (RCL) and (RCL-1 mm) respectively using PTU, PTN and PTG. After staining the root apex with 1% methylene blue dye, stereomicroscopic images were obtained for evaluating apical root cracks. The data were analyzed using Chi-square, phi and Cramer test. The significance level was set at P < 0.05.Results:Significantly less dentinal defects were seen between PTG and PTU while there was no significant difference between PTU-PTN and PTN-PTG. Furthermore, samples instrumented up to RCL-1 mm showed lesser cracks as compared with samples instrumented up to RCL.Conclusion:PTG produced least number of cracks followed by PTN and PTU. Furthermore, instrumenting short of RCL reduced the crack formation risk.
Aim and Objective:To compare and evaluate the micro tensile bond strength of different solvent based one step and two step adhesive systems to dentin.Materials and Methods:Sixty recently extracted human mandibular premolars were subjected for the study and divided into 4 groups of fifteen each. The adhesive materials Single Bond, Prime and Bond XP, Clearfil S3 Bond and G-Bond were applied to flat dentin surfaces according to the manufacturer's instructions. After resin composite build up, teeth were sectioned to obtain beams with an approximate cross sectional area of 2 mm2 and stressed to failure. Data were analysed statistically by ANOVA and student Neuman Keuls multiple comparison tests.Results:The study demonstrated that Single Bond has better bond strength to dentin compared to the other adhesive systems.Conclusion:Ethanol and water based two-step adhesive Single Bond exhibited significantly higher microtensile bond strength values to dentin among all the adhesive systems tested.
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