Abstract.  1. The study of phenotypic plasticity in host utilisation is crucial for predicting evolutionary patterns of insect – plant interactions. The presence of sufficient variation in plasticity may facilitate host race formation and sympatric speciation. 2. Aphis fabae genotypes showed high levels of phenotypic plasticity in the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), relative growth rate (RGR), birth weight (BW), adult weight (AW), fecundity (F), and development time (1/d). 3. Thirteen A. fabae genotypes reared both on broad bean and nasturtium exhibited statistically significant genotypic variability in phenotypic plasticity. 4. Some genotypes displayed fitness improvement on novel host plants. 5. Differences in genotypic correlation among fitness components between the two hosts and increased variance on nasturtium indicated different genomic expression on nasturtium. 6. The results indicated that phenotypic plasticity in a novel environment may be a major determinant of the evolutionary trajectory of a parasitic species and might support the idea that speciation starts with phenotypic plasticity.

The study of phenotypic plasticity in host choice behavior is crucial to predict evolutionary patterns of insect-plant interactions. The presence of sufficient variation in plasticity may facilitate host race formation and sympatric speciation. In this study, 13 Aphis fabae Scopoli genotypes reared both on broad bean and nasturtium exhibited statistically significant genotypic variability in host selection behavior. Some genotypes displayed increase in preference and acceptance in a novel host plant through generations. There are also strong conditioning effects of nasturtium as nasturtium reared genotypes are more willing to choose nasturtium over broad bean while broad bean reared genotypes do not show differences in choosing between the two host plants. There are also positive relationships between fitness and host choice behavior particularly for nasturtium. Results of the study supported the hypothesis that phenotypic plasticity in host choice behavior may be one of the major determinants of the evolutionary trajectory of a parasitic species, such as aphids.

This study provides a comprehensive list of Turkey aphid fauna (Hemiptera: Aphididea). A total of 466 species and 12 subspecies belonging to 141 genera and 13 tribes, are listed. The list includes all records from 1903 to 2011. The family of Aphididae comprise the highest number of species (457), followed by Adelgidae (6) and Phylloxeridae (3), respectively. Inside Aphididae, the tribe of Macrosiphini is the richest group with 197 species, whereas the tribe of Cinarini has only one species. The number of aphid species actually reported for Turkey is lower than recorded for neighboring countries, suggesting that further faunistic studies needs to improve informations on this topic

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IntroductionAphidoidea is a large superfamily containing over 4500 aphid species worldwide (Remaudiere and Remaudiere, 1997;Blackman and Eastop, 2012). The Aphidoidea fauna of Turkey is one of the most diverse and fascinating in the Eurasian region, and studies about Turkey's aphid fauna have been conducted since the beginning of the 20th century. Initial studies pertaining to Turkish aphid fauna were revised by Çanakçıoğlu (1975), who listed 258 aphid species in the book Aphidoidae of Turkey. Following these studies, recent additions to the aphidofauna of Turkey were summarized by Remaudiere et al. (2006), Görür et al. (2012), and Şenol et al. (2014. A total of about 500 species in 141 genera and 3 families have been presented for the Turkish aphidofauna.In addition to faunistic studies, researchers have realized that during the last 2 decades some species have changed their native habitats due to fluctuations in the biotic and abiotic conditions that influence them. These species are referred to as invasive (Liu et al., 2010). Aphids are considered an important invasive species group due to their small size, high fecundity, short development time, cyclical parthenogenetic reproduction, host preferences, and close participation with their host plants (Mondor and Addicott, 2007). Moreover, increased global trade and recent climatic changes have resulted in the introduction and establishment of invasive aphid species into the different regions of the world as well as into Turkey. Turkey is in the Mediterranean Basin of the Palearctic region; only 2.4% of Turkey aphid fauna is native to Turkey (Akyıldırım et al., 2013). The aphid species that are considered invasive to the Turkish fauna originated from the Nearctic, Neotropic, Oriental, and Ethiopian regions. The objectives of this study are to give information about new records and invasive aphid species for the Turkish aphid fauna. Materials and methodsThis study was conducted in the Inner Western Anatolian Subregion (Kütahya, Afyonkarahisar, and Uşak provinces) of Turkey from April 2012 to July 2013. Samples (indicating each separate collection from different colonies, whether from the same host plant or different host plants) were processed in a laboratory according to the methods of Martin (1983). Processed samples were identified following Eastop (2006, 2012) and Quednau (1999Quednau ( , 2003, and their taxonomic statuses were checked in accordance with recently evaluated sources and literature (Favret, 2013;Nafría, 2013). Identified samples were deposited in the