Most tumors that cause severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding are of a malignant histologic type and are already at an advanced stage. Endoscopic hemostasis of bleeding upper gastrointestinal tumors is safe and initially effective, and may provide time for elective surgical palliation. Regardless of therapy, upper gastrointestinal tumors with severe bleeding have a poor one-year survival.
For patients whose duodenal ulcers heal after severe hemorrhage, long-term maintenance therapy with ranitidine is safe and reduces the risk of recurrent bleeding.
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