Conventional embolization such as coiling of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding may be rendered impossible or unsuitable due to anatomical and technical factors. Liquid (Onyx) embolization in such situations may prove valuable and life saving, though literature on the subject, particularly of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to duodenal ulcer, is sparse. We present a technically challenging case of acutely rebleeding duodenal ulcer embolized successfully using ethylene polyvinyl alcohol polymer (Onyx).
Rare causes of common symptoms often pose a diagnostic dilemma which can lead to unwanted loss of precious time in proper diagnosis and management. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is such a rare disorder. It typically presents with signs and symptoms of upper gastrointestinal (GI) obstruction which can be mimicked by a variety of clinical conditions, such as peptic ulcer, chronic pancreatitis, mesenteric ischemia and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A high degree of clinical suspicion is required to direct proper investigations to narrow down to the correct diagnosis. Multi-detector CT (MDCT) proves to be invaluable not only in ruling out more common conditions mimicking SMA syndrome but also in arriving at the correct diagnosis quickly and effectively with great clinical accuracy and thereby removing confusion and delay in proper management.Abbreviations SMA: Superior mesenteric artery; GI: Gastrointestinal; MDCT: Multidetector computed tomography; MPR: Multiplanar reconstruction; AMA: Aortomesenteric Angle; AMD: Aortomesenteric distance.How to cite this article: Madhab G, Madsen J, Dalgaard EB, Bharadwaz A. Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: A Rare Mimic of Common Causes of Upper Gastrointestinal Obstruction. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2014;4(1):58-60.
Objectives
To find the current body of evidence for maternal obesity's association with and its burden on congenital malformations and to estimate its financial and mortality implications as well as future trend.
Materials and methods
Thorough search and review of current literature with deductive interpretations.
Results and evidence
Obesity is associated with certain types of congenital anomalies like neural tube defects (NTD), congenital heart defects (CHDs), orofacial defects, etc. The burden in absolute numbers for major CHD and NTD attributable to obesity can be estimated to be 0.42 to 1.05 and 0.588 to 1.12 per 10,000 births respectively.
Remarks and conclusion
Contribution of maternal obesity on perinatal mortality could be anywhere from 6 to 20 per 1,00,000 births. However, its economic implications could be substantial. Current trend indicates that contribution of obesity to certain congenital anomalies may increase in future.
How to cite this article
Madhab G, Bharadwaz A. Maternal Obesity and Congenital Anomalies: Its Implications and Future Trends. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(3):134-142.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.