Farmers in developing countries are exposed to pesticide hazards due to unsafe handling. This study was conducted to identify the prevailing practices of pesticide use and factors affecting the handling of pesticides among the farmers of Chitwan, Nepal. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 125 farmers. None of the farmers completely followed all the protective measures. About 59% disposed the empty pesticide containers to a nearby water source and 62% preferred house ceilings as a storage place. Males (aOR = 3.99, CI = 1.63–9.78) and older farmers (aOR = 6.18, CI = 2.59–14.72) were more likely to smoke or chew tobacco during the process of spray. Males (aOR = 2.42, CI = 1.03–5.67), literate farmers (aOR = 3.56, CI = 1.51–8.33), and farmers aware of color coding (aOR = 2.67, CI = 1.13–5.67) were more likely to read the labels on pesticide bottles. In spite of an extensive use of pesticides, the farmers were not following proper and safe handling practices, exposing them and the community to a potential pesticide hazard.
Butchers have a huge role in prevention of meat-borne diseases and illness. Hence, this study was conducted to ascertain factors associated with meat hygiene among the butchers. A cross-sectional study was conducted among goat and poultry butchers. None of the butchers fall into "adequate" knowledge and "good" practice category. Butchers who had no side job other than butchering (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.04, CI = 1.11-8.33), had secondary or higher education (aOR = 3.17, CI = 2.60-14.72), greater workload (aOR = 5.45, CI = 1.01-29.57), and whose shop were closed shop (aOR = 3.33, CI = 1.10-10.38) were more likely to have fair knowledge. Butchers whose shop were temporarily constructed close shop (aOR = 3.07, CI = 1.04-9.06), permanently constructed close shop (aOR = 23.56, CI = 1.91-291.11), and whose ethnicity was Brahmin/Chhetri (aOR = 3.39, CI = 1.10-10.46) were more likely to have satisfactory practices. Despite regular handling of meat, butchers had lack of knowledge and practice on meat hygiene.
Improper HH by health care workers is responsible for about 40% of nosocomial infections resulting in prolonged illnesses. A cross-sectional study was carried out in three hospitals to identify the knowledge and practice of HH. There was a significant difference in the level of knowledge among the health care workers (p < .05). There was a positive association (r = 0.247) between knowledge and practice skill of health care workers. Nearly three quarters of the health care workers (74.2%) had been trained for infection prevention. Soap was the most popular agent (57.5%) for HH. The health care workers had good level of knowledge (77.3%) and practice (91.7%) on HH. However, half of the health care workers were unaware of all of the steps of HH and they were lacking in knowledge and practice skill regarding important components of HH. Therefore, there is an urgent need for continuing medical education for infection prevention, to increase their awareness and compliance toward HH.
Background: Physical inactivity has become a major public health concern in todays’ world. Evidences suggest that nearly one-fifth of the overall risk for coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, breast cancer, colon cancer is due to physical inactivity. The aim of present study is to assess the physical activity status among health science students in Chitwan District of Nepal. Methods: Present study is a cross-sectional study conducted among health science students of Chitwan District identified through non-probability sampling technique. Ethical approval was obtained from CMC IRC. Information on physical activity was gathered using the self-reported Global GPAQ – 16 items. A final activity response from each student was summed into MET/minutes per week, which was further classified as: inactive, low active, moderately active and highly active in terms of total MET minute/week. Descriptive and inferential analysis was done through this IBM SPSS software version 20. Results: More than two-third of students reported their status as low active. Nearly 7% were physically inactive. About 93% of the health science students met the minimum WHO recommendation for physical activity (≥600 MET-minutes/week). The difference on physical activity status according to gender and age groups was found statistically significant (p<0.005). Conclusions: There was huge proportion of students with low level of physical activity. There is need for focusing on health information system to aware public regarding the importance of physical activity.
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