Toxicity and the effect of sub-lethal concentrations of endosulfan On a fresh water fish Barbus stigma had been studied. Eadosulfan proved to be lethal to B. stigma at a concentration of 0'01 ppm and above. The Lew was 0'0043 ppm and the sub-lethal concentration was 0·t!03 ppm and below. At sub-lethal concentrations the fish exhibited erratic swimming activity and at lethal concentrations it lost the sense of balance. The rate of feeding was reduced by 5'94% to 9'02% and assimilation by 6'44 to 9'60% in different sub-lethal concentrations. Growth (weight) retarded from U~6mg/daY in the control fish to 7'3,6'0 and 5'1 mg! day in the endosulfan treated fishes. Respiratory rate of the pesticide treated fish also dropped by 10 to 16'6%. Due to the over all effect of the toxicity, the fish. B. stigma comparatively showed a poor nutritive value by displaying a drop of nearly 35% in the organic constituents.
During the last few decades rural women are engaged in agricultural activities like seed sowing, intercultural operations, harvesting, storage of grains and care and management of livestock and poultry. Women encounter drudgery in various works and spend more time in farm work than on household activities. In order to generate income for farm women and to reduce the amount spent on livestock feed and also to improve their livelihood, training on Azolla cultivation was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kattupakkam, Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu, India. Azolla is an aquatic fern having symbiotic relationship with bacteria Anabena Azollae, which fixes the atmospheric nitrogen. Method demonstrations were conducted on various ways of production. Based on the facilities available in their place, the trained women cultivated Azolla (viz., Pit size of 7X3ft and 7'' depth) and used it as feed for their livestock. Nearly about 2-3kg of Azolla was harvested from each pit. Azolla as a source of livestock feed reduced the feeding cost which was spent for purchasing the feeding materials for poultry, goat and dairy cattle. By feeding of Azolla to dairy cattle, milk quality and yield has increased (100-150ml per day per animal) considerably. The Azolla produced in excess was sold at the rate of Rs. 10/kg to the other farmers as Azolla culture as well as feed for other cattles.
-15 to study the different crop establishment techniques on growth yield and economics of new variety of rice (CO-51). The experiment was laid out with unpaired t test design. The treatment of drum seeding technique was compared with SRI square planting. Among the crop establishment techniques, SRI square planting significantly influenced the growth and yield characters and yield of paddy crop. The maximum plant height, number of tillers hill -1 , grain yield, straw yield were recorded under SRI square planting during Rabi. The lowest grain yield, straw yield were recorded under drum seeding technique.How to cite this article : Suganthi, M., Subbiah, Gayathri, Venkatramanan, R., Kumaravel, P. and Gopi, H. (2017). Influence of rice establishment technique on growth and yield of paddy (CO51). Agric. Update, 12(TECHSEAR-1) : 121-123;
Eco-friendly pest and disease control is a cost effective and environmentally safe practice to follow. In order to address farmer's problem and promote eco-friendly approaches in management of pests like tobacco caterpillar, leaf miner, aphids, thrips, root rot and leaf spot diseases in Groundnut, Front Line Demonstration (FLD) was conducted. The trial showed that seed treatment with Trichoderma and soil application with Pseudomonas effectively managed root rot incidence compared to farmer's practice where no such treatment was made which resulted in root rot incidence (5%). Installation of light traps and sticky traps effectively monitored the sucking pests. By the use of pheromone traps, the farmers completely avoided application of chemical pesticides to control tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera litura), where adult moths of nearly 25 nos/week were trapped. This resulted in saving of INR 3500/-and an yield of 28q/ha was obtained compared to farmer's practice (26 q/ha).
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