Patients with lysine‐related inborn errors of metabolism (pyridoxine‐dependent epilepsy [PDE] and glutaric aciduria type 1 [GA1]), follow a lysine‐restricted diet with arginine‐fortified lysine‐free amino acid formula and additional oral arginine supplementation as a newer therapy for PDE. The rationale of arginine supplementation is based on arginine's ability to compete with lysine transport across cell membranes via shared transporter systems. Adequate doses of arginine required to competitively inhibit enteral lysine uptake has not been studied in humans This proof‐of‐concept study investigates the effect of incremental enteral arginine doses on whole‐body lysine oxidation using an in vivo stable isotope tracer, L‐[1‐13C] lysine, in healthy humans. Five healthy men completed six study days each consuming one dose of l‐arginine HCl per study day; range = 50‐600 mg/kg/d. Lysine intake was at DRI (30 mg/kg/d). Breath samples were analysed for L‐[1‐13C] lysine oxidation to 13CO2 using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Plasma amino acid concentrations were analysed using an amino acid analyser. Increasing doses of l‐arginine HCl caused a linear decrease in whole‐body lysine oxidation. Plasma arginine concentration increased, and plasma lysine concentration decreased below normal range with high arginine intakes. We provide the first empirical evidence of arginine‐lysine antagonism in response to increasing oral arginine doses. Results suggest 300‐600 mg/kg/d of l‐arginine HCl and lysine intake restricted to DRI is needed to reduce enteral lysine uptake and systemic lysine oxidation. This could potentially lead to a recommended dose for arginine in lysine‐related inborn errors of metabolism.

MG systematically underestimates REE in the overweight and adolescent population, thus the MG portable indirect calorimeter is not recommended for routine use. Considering that it is a systematic underestimation of REE, MG may be clinically acceptable, only if used with caution.

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Alkaline phosphatase is detected in both soluble and particulate fractions of rat bone. The concentration of alkaline phosphatase in the particulate fraction of rat skull cap bone and femur is high during the peak period of calcification of these bones suggesting the possibility of using it as a marker for the rate of bone calcification.