Background: Numerous adverse perinatal outcomes are associated with high-risk. The usage of doppler ultrasound bids a non-invasive way to study the fetal and maternal circulation and guide the clinical management. Objective of this study was to investigate the role of color doppler ultrasonography in effective management of high-risk pregnancies.Methods: A retrospective record-based study was carried out Department of obstetrics and gynecology. Record of antenatal women who belonged to the age group of 20-30 years with singleton pregnancy of gestational age of 26 weeks to term and presence of one of the high-risk factors were included in the study. The risk factors which were considered are pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), diabetes, anemia, oligohydramnios. Doppler study of umbilical artery was done. Epi-info 7 was used for analysis.Results: A total of 140 cases were studied in which high-risk pregnancy was most common in the age group of 20-25 years. The most common high-risk factor in pregnancy was PIH which accounted for 50% of cases. Out of 140 cases high-risk pregnancies, 40% of cases resulted in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). 43% of cases, umbilical artery findings were abnormal.Conclusions: Color doppler can be used as most effective for fetal surveillance in high-risk pregnancy cases. Most importantly it helps in guiding early intervention and improving fetal outcome.
BACKGROUND Caesarean section is one of the most commonly performed major surgical procedures worldwide. Primary caesarean section in multigravida means caesarean section done for the first time in patients who had one or more previous vaginal deliveries of a viable neonate. The aim of this study is to study the incidence and indications of primary caesarean section in multigravida and to study the maternal and perinatal outcome following caesarean delivery. METHODS It is a prospective study conducted on 95 cases of primary caesarean section among multigravida who had a previous normal vaginal delivery, for a period of 2 years in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at GIMSR teaching hospital. Various indications for caesarean section were studied and maternal and perinatal outcome were analysed. RESULTS Incidence of primary caesarean section was 6.34% of all deliveries. Most of the cases were unbooked and majority of them were 2 nd and 3 rd gravida. Among the indications for primary caesarean section, foetal distress was the most common (29.5%), followed by cephalopelvic disproportion and malpresentations. CONCLUSIONS Many unforeseen complications like cephalopelvic disproportion, prolonged labour, obstructed labour, malpresentations can occur in parous women who had previous vaginal delivery, that may require emergency caesarean section. Careful assessment of them during antenatal and intranatal period can improve maternal and perinatal outcome.
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