Abstract. The potential of tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon) leaf refuse from bidi industry waste to remove phenol from aqueous solution was studied. For this purpose, the tendu leaf refuse was carbonized by subjecting it to chemical treatments with sulfuric acid. Batch kinetics and isotherm studies were carried out under varying experimental conditions of contact time, phenol concentration, adsorbent dose and pH. Adsorption equilibrium of tendu leaf refuse and chemically carbonized tendu leaf refuse was reached within 2 hr for phenol concentration 10-25 mg/l and 1 hr for phenol concentration 20-200 mg/l, respectively. The adsorption of phenol decreases by the increase of the pH value of the solution. The kinetic data followed more closely the pseudo-second-order chemisorption model. The adsorption data were modelled by using both Langmuir and Freundlich classical adsorption isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity of chemically carbonized tendu leaf refuse as per Langmuir model was 4 times higher than that of raw tendu leaf refuse. The results illustrate how tendu leaf refuse, a solid waste disposal menace from bidi industry, can be used as an effective biosorbent for phenol in aqueous solution.
Meaningful waste use aimed at conservation of resources and lowering the amount of pollution is now inevitable. In the present study, the potential of tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon) leaf waste from a local beedi (cigarette) industry to remove dye from aqueous solution was studied after its pretreatment with phosphoric acid. The carbon prepared was characterized by analysis of porosity, surface area, scanning electron micrograph, cation exchange capacity, iodine, and methylene blue number. Feasibility of employing this carbon for the removal of Janus Green, a diazine dye, from aqueous solution was investigated. Dye removal was compared simultaneously with commercial carbon. The adsorption was evaluated in a batch process with different concentrations of dye as well as with different adsorbent doses, at a range of pH values, temperature, and contact time. The kinetic parameters were determined and found to follow the Lagergren pseudo first order model. The suitability of the adsorbent was tested by fitting the adsorption data with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 51 mg/g, which approached the value 57 mg/g obtained for commercial carbon. The changes in standard free energy, standard entropy and standard enthalpy were calculated. The results showed that adsorption of dye onto phosphoric acid treated tendu biomass was spontaneous and found to be physical and exothermic in nature.
Physico-chemical properties of effluent from a molasses fermentation based bulk drug unit were analyzed and found to be typical of the effluent from molasses fermentation except for high amount of phenols. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal capacity of tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon) leaves refuse of bidi industry and its comparison with Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC) has been presented. Batch kinetics and isotherm studies were studied under varying experimental conditions of contact time, COD concentration, adsorbent dose and pH. Maximum COD removal was observed at a narrow pH range between 7 and 8. The kinetic data were best fitted to the pseudo-second-order chemisorption model. The adsorption followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. As per Langmuir model, maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 48.54 mg and 154.8 mg COD per g for tendu leaves refuse and GAC, respectively. The results illustrate how tendu leaves refuse, a solid waste disposal menace from bidi industry, is effective biosorbent for the removal of COD; offering a cheap option for primary treatment of the effluent. @JASEM
Waste Tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon) leaves from bidi (local cigarette) industry has been used as a raw material to produce activated carbon applying sulfuric acid carbonization method. Batch experiments were conducted to assess the potential for the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using the activated carbon and compared to raw tendu leaves powder and commercial activated carbon. Equilibrium isotherm and kinetic studies have been done by varying the parameters such initial concentration of dye, adsorbent dose, pH of the dye solution, and varying the contact time between the carbon and the dye. It was found that the methylene blue adsorption on tendu waste-based activated carbon conformed to the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities were found to be 219.3, 355.9 and 495.1 mg/g for raw tendu waste, carbonized tendu and commercial carbon, respectively. The kinetic studies were well characterized by a pseudo second order kinetic model. The results of this study indicate that raw tendu waste a renewable bioresource, as such as well as its carbonized form are attractive biosorbent for removing a cationic dye from the dye wastewater.
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