Background:  Though the central nervous system tumor comprises ~2% of all the tumors, an overall increase has been observed especially in less developed countries. This increase in the incidence may be due to exposure of population to various risk factors or improved diagnosis with advancement in the ancillary studies. This study aims to provide a single centre histopathological spectrum of this type of tumor.Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study on a series of cases was performed in the Department of Pathology, Annapurna Neurological Institute & Allied Science , Maitighar , Kathmandu, Nepal from April 2013 to Jan 2016. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.Results: A total of 221 brain and CNS tumors (125 females and 96 males) were studied. The mean age at diagnosis was 43.77 years. The most common tumor was meningioma(67 cases, 30.3%), followed by astrocytic tumor (57 cases, 25.7%) and pituitary adenoma(30 cases,13.6%). The frequency of WHO grade I, II,III and IV tumor were 94 cases (55%), 34 cases (19.9%),10 cases (5.8%), and 33 cases (19.3%) respectively. The astrocytic tumor was most frequent tumor in children (7/20 caes, 37 %).Conclusion: This study showed the most common CNS tumor to be meningioma followed by astrocytic tumors and pituitary adenoma. The spectrum of CNS tumor in children showed divergent histologic pattern according to the age. In age group 0-10 years embryonal tumors were common whereas ages group of 12-years showed propensity towards astrocytoma as in adults.

Introduction: Incidence of hypertension is increasing in young population. Aggressive control is mandatory to preserve and protect public health in India. Several socio-demographic, anthropometric, environmental, lifestyle, biochemical and genetic factors contribute for the development of hypertension in young adults. Hypertension and its chronic complications are also linked to oxidative stress and DNA damage. Methods: The cross sectional study involves 180 young hypertensives between the age group of 18 – 39 years and 140 apparently healthy age and sex matched controls. After obtaining relevant history, anthropometric measurements were taken. Socio-demographic characters were recorded using proforma. After taking written informed consent, five ( 5 ml) of venous blood was collected after 8-12 hours of fasting. 2 ml of blood was transferred aseptically to a sodium heparinised vacutainer for evaluating somatic DNA damages by Cytokinesis-block Micronuclei assay (CBMN assay). Remaining 3 ml of blood is allowed to clot; serum separated and was used for other biochemical investigations such as fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde (MDA). Statistical analysis done using SPSS software. Results: Fasting blood sugar, Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, urea and creatinine were significantly elevated in young hypertensives. Oxidative stress and DNA damage is significantly elevated in young hypertensives compared to control group. BMI and abdominal circumference are also significantly elevated in young hypertensive adults compared to control group. Conclusion: Increased oxidative stress and DNA damage in young hypertensives contribute to the complications associated with hypertension.

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