HighlightsHydatid cyst of the breast is very rare.It is challenging to differentiate it from other tumoral lesions of the breast as it might mimic fibroadenoma, phyllodes tumors, chronic abscesses or even carcinoma.Only few reports of breast hydatid cyst are published and majority of the reported cases have been diagnosed postoperatively as it is not possible to reach definitive diagnosis with clinical examination and radiological investigations only.In spite of being very uncommon, it should be included in differential diagnosis of breast lumps for patients living in endemic areas.Surgical excision of the cyst is the treatment of choice.
HighlightsVirginal hypertrophy, giant fibroadenoma, and cystosarcoma phyllodes are the important differential diagnoses to be considered when one encounters a large breast mass in a young female patient.Fibroadenoma 5 cm or more in diameter is considered as giant fibroadenoma. Giant fibroadenoma is the most common cause of breast enlargement and cause asymmetry of breast in adolescent and young adult female.Ultrasonography is imaging modality of choice and cytological examination should be done to arrive at a diagnosis. Giant fibroadenoma should always be treated with breast conserving surgery.
Background: Spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine is administered routinely for lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries. The ensuing nerve block is sufficient to ensure patient’s wellbeing, while motor block facilitates the surgeon’s work. Post-operative pain relief can be achieved by various methods namely systemic opioid and non-opioid peripheral nerve blocks and local wound infiltration, each with their own merits and demerits. the present study was undertaken to compare the effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine and clonidine as an adjuvant to hyperbaric bupivacaine in patients undergoing surgery for fracture femur and tibia.Methods: 80 patients between 20-60 years, undergoing elective surgery for closed fracture shaft of femur and tibia with ASA physical status of 1 and 2 were included in the study. All the subjects were randomly allocated to one of the two groups (Group C and Group D) by a computer-generated randomization chart. Group C received 2.5ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 50mcg clonidine and group D received 2.5ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 5mcg dexmedetomidine.Results: 30 of the 40 patients in group C were of ASA I and 10 were ASA II, while in group D, 25 were ASA I and 15 were ASA II. A significant difference was found in the onset time for sensory and motor block, receding time for sensory and motor block and the need of the first rescue analgesia between the two groups, showing that Dexmedetomidine was more potent than clonidine.Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine is a potent, highly selective and specific α2-adrenoreceptor agonist that has both sedative and analgesic effects and is also a valuable adjuvant when regional anaesthesia is incorporated.
Adsorption of acetonitrile (Ac) molecules on gold (Au) nanorods has been investigated by Raman spectroscopic measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. DFT calculations provide a valuable insight into the underlying structure of the metal-molecule complex. From the best agreement between the observed and the calculated Raman frequencies and also from other spectroscopic observations, we propose that Ac molecules interact with Au nanorods and form an [Ac+2Au](0)-like complex on the surface of nanostructures. The environmental effect has also been taken into consideration to explain the Raman activity of the complex.
INTRODUCTIONPain is an unpleasant effect associated with significant psychological and physiological changes during surgery and post-operative period. Regional anaesthetic techniques have specific advantages either for standalone anaesthesia or as analgesic supplements for intraoperative and postoperative care. Brachial plexus block is often used either as an adjuvant to general anesthesia (GA) or as a sole anesthesia modality. Brachial plexus blockade for ambulatory upper-limb surgery can significantly reduce pain and nausea, allowing for faster discharge. Supraclavicular brachial plexus block is preferred for its rapid onset, reliable anesthesia and as a safe technique for any surgery in the upper extremity that does not involve the shoulder. This is mainly because it is a highly effective analgesia ABSTRACT Background: Brachial plexus block is often used either as an adjuvant to general anesthesia (GA) or as a sole anesthesia modality. Supraclavicular brachial plexus block is preferred for its rapid onset, reliable anesthesia and as a safe technique for any surgery in the upper extremity that does not involve the shoulder. We have attempted to undertake this study to compare the haemodynamic, sensory and motor effects of the anaesthetic effect of Ropivacaine alone and Ropivacaine along with Dexamethasone in Supraclavicular Brachial Block in upper limb surgery. Methods: The total duration of surgery was also comparable in both groups. The onset of the sensory and the motor block in bother the groups were similar to each other with no statistical difference, but there was a very high significance in the duration of both sensory and motor block within both the groups. Results: The total duration of surgery was also comparable in both groups. The onset of the sensory and the motor block in bother the groups were similar to each other with no statistical difference, but there was a very high significance in the duration of both sensory and motor block within both the groups. Conclusions: Dexamethasone added to ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial block for upper limb surgery significantly shortens the onset time and prolongs the duration of sensory and motor blocks without producing sedation in patients.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.