This paper reviews the topic of ballistic impact of dry woven fabric composites. It highlights previous work done in modeling the fabrics and the theory involved. Attention is also given to experimental testing, ballistic penetration resistence, projectile characteristics, and failure modes in yarns and fabric. Concepts to further enhance the ballistic penetration resistance of woven fabrics are discussed. This paper serves as an effective source of literature for those interested in conducting research into this topic. Altogether, 176 references have been cited to allow further investigation.
a b s t r a c tFinite element modeling of the impact of flexible woven fabrics using a yarn level architecture allows the capturing of complex projectile-fabric and yarn-yarn level interactions, however it requires very large computational resources. This paper presents a multiscale modeling technique to simulate the impact of flexible woven fabrics. This technique involves modeling the fabric using a yarn level architecture around the impact region and a homogenized or membrane type architecture at far field regions. The level of modeling resolution decreases with distance away from the impact zone. This results in a finite element model with much lower computational requirements. The yarns are modeled using both solid and shell finite elements. Impedances are matched across all interfaces created between the various regions of the model to prevent artificial reflections of the longitudinal strain waves. A systematic approach is presented to determine geometric and material parameters of the homogenized zone. The multiscale model is extensively validated against baseline models. The limitations of using shell elements to model the yarn level architecture underneath the projectile are addressed.
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