We hereby present a case of an atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) precipitated by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A 26-year-old male was diagnosed with COVID-19 and acute kidney injury. His kidney biopsy was suggestive of thrombotic microangiopathy. Five sessions of plasmapheresis were done but were discontinued in view of nonrecovery of kidney function. He was then referred for a kidney transplant. On genetic analysis, he was found to have mutations in the complement system (CFHR1 and CFHR3), which suggested this was a case of aHUS precipitated by COVID-19. In view of the high risk of recurrence of the primary disease in live-related kidney donor transplantation, he was advised for simultaneous liver and kidney transplants.

The major aim of the present study was to measure the ADC values of low grade and high grade tumors using diffusion weighted MRI, to determine their contribution to differential diagnosis and also to propose a cut off ADC value. A retrospective study was done in which the magnetic resonance imaging findings of 50 patients diagnosed as having intra-axial brain tumors on histopathology were studied co-relate the ADC values with the World Health Organization grade of the tumor. Higher grade tumors had lower ADC values (<1.0 x 10-3 mm 2 /s) than lower grade tumors (>1.0 x 10-3 mm 2 /s). Conventional MR was 100% accurate in differentiating grade I from higher grade tumors. Cutoff ADC of >1.4 X10-3 mm 2 /s was 100% specific for grade I tumors though differentiation among the various grade I tumors was not possible on DWI. Using a cutoff ADC value of 1.0 X10-3 mm 2 /s, the sensitivity of MRI to differentiate low grade from high grade tumors was increased from 91% to 100%, specificity from 84.6 to 96% and accuracy from 86.4 to 97.3%. Diffusion weighted imaging and the accompanying ADC values can add useful information to the morphological details provided by contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.. It can increase the PPV, NPV and accuracy of MRI to distinguish low grade from high grade neoplasm's as well as to differentiate lymphomas from other malignant lesions.

Introduction: COVID –19 has gripped the whole world and patients with comorbidities especially kidney ailments are at higher risk of developing severe disease. Among kidney disease, transplant patients are the most vulnerable group. Information on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in kidney transplant patients is very limited. Methods: An observational study was conducted on 20 kidney transplant patients who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by polymerase chain reaction from April to June 2020. Results: The majority of cases were males (85%). The median age of the patients was 50 years (interquartile range [IQR] 40.75–60.75). Diabetes and hypertension were present in 55% and 95% of patients, respectively. Coronary artery disease was present in three patients (15%). The median time from transplant to COVID-19 testing was 54 months (IQR 36–105). Chronic allograft nephropathy was found in 35% of patients. The mean baseline creatinine was 1.71 mg/dL. The most common symptom was fever (80%). Acute Kidney Injury was seen in 60% of patients with a mean creatinine of 2.60 mg/dL. Based on severity, 50% of patients had mild disease, 25% moderate disease, and the remaining 25% had severe disease. All 20 patients were on oral steroids, calcineurin inhibitors (18 on tacrolimus and two on cyclosporine), and antimetabolite (19 on mycophenolate mofetil and one on azathioprine). Antimetabolite agents were stopped in all patients and tacrolimus was stopped in severe cases (25%). Hydroxychloroquine was given in 15 patients (75%). Fifteen patients (75%) recovered while five (25%) died. Conclusion: Kidney transplant recipients infected with COVID-19 have high mortality.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder of premenopausal (1) women affecting approximately 5-10% of female population in their reproductive years . The clinical, biochemical as well as the radiological spectrum of PCOS and their correlations have gained importance over the years owing to complex pathophysiology of this syndrome, which still remains partially understood. Aims & Objectives: To study hemodynamic changes in ovarian and uterine arteries in PCOS patients using color doppler ultrasound, along with their clinical and biochemical parameters. A total of 60 patients with clinical history of infertility Methods: (30 obese & 30 non-obese) and 30 control (fertile women) were taken, who underwent transvaginal ultrasound and color doppler scan, and were correlated clinically and hormonally. Results: The ovarian artery mean pulsatility index (PI) was observed to be 4.05 in control group and 2.58 among PCOS cases, which is signicantly decreased in cases. Comparing non-obese and obese PCOS cases, the mean ovarian artery PI was found to be 2.65 and 2.51 respectively. The difference was not signicant. In our study, the resistive index (RI) of ovarian artery also showed a signicant decrease among PCOS cases with mean value of 0.62, compared to 0.9 in the control group. The PI and RI of uterine artery in both obese and non-obese cases were signicantly increased in comparison to control group. Transvaginal colour doppler helps in adequate evaluation of haemodynami Conclusion: c changes in small vessels of utero-ovarian circulation. It can aid in diagnosis as well as serve as prognostic indicator in patients suffering from PCOS.