Double Base Propellants (DBP) has been frequently utilized in the fields of rocket propellant and gun propellant. DBP has various advantages over conventional propellants, including easy formulation, high energy, and smokelessness. The research conducted in literature studies was applied by referring to the various energetic materials for DBP. The composition of a DBP consists of energetic raw material of Nitrocellulose (NC) and Nitroglycerin (NG). According to data analysis, NC can be manufactured from the raw material Nata de Coco, which has a nitrogen content of more than 12,5% in NC, which is in line with the levels of conventional military and propellant raw materials. Meanwhile, SMX (1,4-dinitrate-2,3-dinitro-2,3bis (nitratomethylene) butane) or GAP (Glycidyl Azide Polymer) on double-base propellants is suggested as potential alternative energy sources that can be utilized to substitute NG. The choice of new energetic material is influenced by the fact that Nata de Coco is abundant in Indonesia, while SMX and GAP in terms of manufacturing and handling are safety. The several parameters to characterize double-base propellants include thermal analysis, microstructure, surface area, burning rate value, and gaseous product. The results of thermal properties by DSC analysis on a DBP based on NC+NG+TiO2-trifluoroacrylate showed a change in exothermic decomposition at a temperature of 199.2oC. Meanwhile, TGA analysis of a DBP based on NC+NG+GAP showed mass decomposition at temperature 199,3oC. Furthermore, it was found that thermoplastic elastomers GAP have a significant effect on increasing the low-temperature mechanical properties of double-base propellants. As a result, the literature studies approach, which includes consideration of alternative energetic raw materials and characterization for double-base propellants, is the recommendation for obtaining superior performance double-base propellants with energetic materials.
The increased demand for energy is impacted by the growing population. As a result, new energy sources must be developed to replace the diminishing supplies. Waste to Energy (WTE) is a concept that can be used as an alternative to recycling waste into raw materials for Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF). Due to their combustibility, inorganic waste and plastic have the potential to be employed as source materials for RDF. In light of this discussion, RDF is required for both domestic and commercial purposes. chosen by classifying the garbage into different sizes and types. In order to demonstrate the huge potential for RDF treatment of active zone waste at the Cipayung Final Disposal Site (TPA), research has been conducted on the potential of RDF that meets industry standards and is environmentally friendly. From the analysis of available data, it is found that without using plastic and rubber waste, the calorific value of the RDF produced meets the required industry standards.
Efforts to develop the defense industry are to encourage innovation, because only with innovation can an industry always develop competence in the form of technology development and commercialization. The innovation process includes research and development, prototyping, demonstration, commercialization and after-sales service. Innovation is a combination of invention and commercialization of technology. So that innovation requires a process from the background of the needs to the achievement of success during commercialization. Currently, Indonesia has one type of medium tank technology called the Harimau. Basically, Indonesia has implemented technological innovation in the development of the medium tank technology 'Harimau'. Howeever, there are still challenges in the way of implementing these technological advancements, including whether or not their aplication may lead to defense industry independence or vice versa. This paper aims to analyze the national defense industry on the technological innovation of the medium tank 'Harimau'. The SWOT (Stengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) method is used in this analysis. This research is planned to give an analysis of defense industry technology developments that will advance the provision of defense and defense equipment to land-bases forces.
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