beats/minute; P ϭ .05). The nondippers also presented greater end-systolic diameter (28.7 vs 25.9 mm; P ϭ .001) and left-ventricular end-diastolic diameter (47.8 vs 45.1 mm; P ϭ .040) and greater LVMI (90.2 vs 78.3 g/m 2 ; P ϭ .044) compared with the dippers. During stepwise multiple regression, the most important factors affecting LVMI were mean HR (day) (b ϭ Ϫ0.40; P ϭ .001), high-frequency variable of heart rate variability (b ϭ 0.38; P ϭ .016), and hemoglobin A1c: (b ϭ 0.67; P ϭ .001). CONCLUSIONS: A group of normotensive diabetic adolescents with abnormal nocturnal BP reduction and impaired heart rate variation also had impaired leftventricular function. Our findings suggest that an altered diurnal BP profile, as a result of autonomic dysfunction, may contribute to the development of left-ventricular hypertrophy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. ADIPONECTIN AND PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ␥ EXPRESSION IN SUBCUTANEOUS AND OMENTAL ADIPOSE TISSUE IN CHILDREN Submitted by Xiaonan LiXiaonan Li, Susanne Lindquist, Gertrud Angsten, Torbjorn Myrnas, Jun Yi, Ronghua Chen, Stenlund Hans, Tommy Olsson, Olle Hernell INTRODUCTION:Adiponectin is an adipocyte-specific protein with insulin-sensitizing properties. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ␥ (PPAR␥) may be involved in its gene transcription. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the expression levels of the genes that encode adiponectin and PPAR␥ in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue in children in relation to age and anthropometric variables. METHODS: Paired biopsies (from subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue) were obtained from 53 children (age: 0.2-14.0 years; BMI: 12.5-25.8 kg/m 2 ). Messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of adiponectin and PPAR␥ were measured by using reverse-transcription and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Adiponectin mRNA levels in adipose tissue were positively associated with PPAR␥ mRNA levels in children (subcutaneous adipose: r ϭ 0.73, P Ͻ .001; omental adipose: r ϭ 0.78, P Ͻ .001). In overweight children, the median adiponectin mRNA level was lower in omental adipose tissue (odds ratio: 0.51 [95% confidence interval: 0.1-2.17]) compared with subcutaneous adipose tissue (odds ratio: 1.29 [95% confidence interval: 0.16 -5.08]) (P ϭ .032) but not in normal-weight children (P ϭ .54), and the difference remained significant after adjustment for age (P ϭ .045). CONCLUSIONS:The close association between adiponectin and PPAR␥ expression supports the hypothesis that PPAR␥ is involved in adiponectin gene regulation. The fact that adiponectin expression was decreased in omental adipose tissue relative to subcutaneous adipose tissue in overweight children suggests that a risk of insulin resistance may be present in childhood, which allows such resistance to develop after a relatively short duration of overweight. EFFECT OF BODY WEIGHT ON BONE AGE AND HORMONAL PARAMETERS IN CHILDREN WITH PREMATURE ADRENARCHE Submitted by Asteroula PapathanasiouAsteroula Papathanasiou, Garyfallia Lekk...
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