The effect of increased vertical bite dimension on fricative sound productions was studied in five adults who wore dentures. Oral port size and sound intelligibility were evaluated at different degrees of artificially induced open bite. The data demonstrate that rapid compensatory adjustments occurred and oral port size changed minimally at all degrees of opening tested. However, in three of the subjects, sound intelligibility declined at the 6-mm opening, and in all subjects, a four-fold increase in sound distortions occurred in the edentulous state. This finding suggests the possibility that either physiological parameters are controlled more successfully than acoustical parameters or that compensatory efforts to maintain constrictor size may, under certain circumstances, adversely affect sound intelligibility.
The military retirement system provides an immediate, lifetime, inflation-protected annuity to personnel who co mplete 20 or more years of service. The cost of this system has risen substantially in the past 15 years, and the system's actuarial costs now comprise almost one-third of total military manpower costs. Because of its importance in the total military compensation system, the military retirement system exerts a significant influence on the age structure of the force and on personnel turnover patterns. This article evaluates the relative efficiency of the current retirement system by comparing it with two recently proposed alternatives, one by a presidential commission and one by the Department of Defense. It estimates the impact of these proposed alternatives on the military personnel force structure and on manpower costs. It is concluded that these alternatives would provide a force as capable as today's force at significantly lower cost.
A mathematical model of a military manpower system is presented which seeks to determine the optimal steady state wage rate and force distribution by length of service. Accessions and retention are the transition parameters of a steady state manpower model and these are assumed to be a function of wages. A productivity function is introduced to measure effectiveness of each force structure. Gradient search is used to find the compensation plan that will produce a long-run force with maximum effectiveness within a given limited annual budget.
There exist many applications in military and commercial fields where rugged, lightweight microdisplays are required for helmet mounted and viewfinder display systems. Such applications typically involve the display of high resolution symbology but increasingly also include the display of full motion video. Examples of these kinds of image sources include thermal imaging and weapon sighting.Active matrix electroluminescent (AMEL) microdisplay technology developed at Planar has uniquely satisfied the demanding environmental and power requirements of military and commercial helmet mounted display and viewfinder systems. Recent advances have extended the use of AMEL microdisplays to applications requiring the display of high grayscale content, while significantly reducing the size, cost, and power of the system electronics required to drive the display.This capability has been enabled through the development of an analog addressing architecture. This paper provides a background of the analog architecture and the advantages gained by using this approach. Specifications and interface requirements are discussed for a monochrome 640x5 12 display developed using this architecture.
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