Clinical, spectroscopic and histological similarities of acne-induced and TCA-induced PIH at day 28 suggest that TCA-induced PIH can be a reproducible model for the study of acne-induced PIH.
BACKGROUNDPeri-orbital dark circles are a cosmetic concern worldwide, and have been
attributed to hyperpigmentation from allergy or atopic dermatitis, blood stasis,
structural shadowing effects, and a thin epidermis/dermis under the eye. It is of
interest to better understand lifestyle and demographic risk factors and the
relative impact of melanin, blood and epidermal/dermal factors on the severity of
Peri-orbital dark circles.OBJECTIVETo compare by non-invasive imaging the impact of biological factors to a visual
grading scale for Peri-orbital dark circles, and test the correlation of various
demographic factors with Peri-orbital dark circles.METHODSSubjects completed a lifestyle and health survey, and Peri-orbital dark circles
severity was evaluated using standardized photographs. Hyperspectral image
analysis was used to assess the contributions of melanin, blood volume, degree of
blood oxygen saturation, and dermal scattering.RESULTSFamily history was the most significant risk factor for Peri-orbital dark circles.
The average age of onset was 24 years, and earlier onset correlated with higher
severity scores. Asthma was significantly associated with Peri-orbital dark
circles scores, but self-reported allergy was not. In this study, sleep was not
correlated with Peri-orbital dark circles scores. Hyperspectral imaging indicated
that melanin was the dominant correlate for Peri-orbital dark circles severity,
while oxygen saturation was secondary. The difference between under-eye and cheek
measurements for ∆L*and ∆E* were the most significant instrumental parameters
correlated with visual assessment of Peri-orbital dark circles severity.CONCLUSIONAlthough typically associated with lack of sleep, risk of Peri-orbital dark
circles is primarily hereditary. The main factors contributing to the appearance
of Peri-orbital dark circles are melanin and (deoxygenated) blood.
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