Objectives: Housewives are nucleus of families but as the working, living, and social architecture in the rural areas significantly differ from developed or urban area, the results of urban population cannot be generalized. Hence the purpose of the present study is to evaluate the prevalence of low back pain in non working rural housewives. Also an attempt has been made to determine the impact of social burden on low back pain (LBP). Material and Methods: A sample of 301 non working rural housewives of Kanpur, aged between 30-70 years was selected. Hindi version of 3 appropriate scales Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire, Oswestry disability index and Zarit burden interview measuring musculoskeletal discomfort, low back disability and social burden were given to all the housewives. Results: Analysis of data reveals that both recent and yearly prevalence of LBP in rural housewives is 83%. More than 50% housewives have severe disability due to their LBP. Correlational analysis has shown that there is a significant impact of social burden on their disability due to low back pain. Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggest that 83% of the non working rural housewives have low back pain and activity restriction due to their pain. They have significant impact of social burden on their low back pain. High prevalence (83%) of low back pain among rural housewives is an alarming sign for our society. Better health-care measures to enhance rural housewives education about good posture, ergonomic measures, health schemes, health awareness, and activity pacing could help rural housewives.
Background: SDG 2.2 aims to end all forms of malnutrition by 2030. Weight for age estimate misses out chronic and acute on chronic malnutrition. An aggregate indicator-the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) can help in addressing this concern. Aim & Objective: To assess the nutritional status of under five children using CIAF and compare it with other indices. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in a resettlement colony of Delhi, between June to July 2015. Anthropometric measurements were taken using standard operative procedures. Mothers of the study children were interviewed to obtain relevant information. Z scores were calculated using WHO-ANTHRO software. Nutritional status indicators were determined as per the World Health Organization 2006 child growth standards. Results: A total of 100 under-5 children were assessed. The prevalence of CIAF was 62% in our study. 35% of children were found to be underweight, 25% were wasted and 43% stunted. Mid Upper Arm Circumference detected 58.5% as undernourished. Using weight-for-age criterion for identifying undernourished children led to underestimation of the prevalence by 27%. Conclusion: CIAF can be used to provide a single, aggregated assessment of undernutrition. Use of this tool by field level workers will improve the diagnosis of undernutrition and help in early initiation of treatment.
BackgroundTeaching of motor skills is fundamental to physical therapy practice. In order to optimize the benefits of these teaching and training efforts, various forms of patient education material are developed and handed out to patients. One very important fact has been overlooked. While comparative effectiveness of various modes of instruction has been studied in adults, attention has not been paid to the fact that learning capabilities of children are different from that of adults. The intent of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of video and handout mode of instructions specifically on children.MethodsA total of 115 normal elementary-age children aged 10 to 12 years of age were studied. The children were randomized into two groups: A) the video group, and B) the handout group. The video group viewed the video for physical therapy exercises while the handout group was provided with paper handouts especially designed according to the readability of their age group.ResultsStatistical analysis using the student's't' test showed that subjects of both the video and handout groups exhibited equal overall performance accuracy. There was no significant difference between the groups both in acquisition and retention accuracy tests.ConclusionThe findings of the present study suggest that if the readability and instructional principles applicable to different target age groups are strictly adhered to, then both video as well as handout modes of instructions result in similar feedback and memory recall in ten to twelve year-old children. Principles of readability related to the patient age are of utmost importance when designing the patient education material. These findings suggest that the less expensive handouts can be an effective instructional aid for teaching exercises to children with various neuromuscular, rheumatic, and orthopedics conditions and the most costly videotape techniques are not necessarily better.
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