The internet of things (IoT) connects billions of smart heterogeneous modules in long‐term evolution (LTE) and LTE‐advance. The rapid growth of IoT has attracted typical wireless sensors designs for machine‐to‐machine communication. More action is required to improve quality, bandwidth, interfacing compatibility and efficiencies of such smart systems. This article presents an antenna design evolution to enhance compatibility, impedance matching and high bandwidth fidelity to smart wireless IoT sensors. A compact 12 × 18 × 1.6 mm3 staircase‐fractal slot antenna with truncated “T” parasites, gives promising characteristics for IoT applications in UWB and GSM/GPS range. Antenna is modeled and simulated on high frequency structure simulator. The prototype is fabricated and experimented to validate practical feasibility of antenna for wireless sensor based applications. The antenna resonates on 2.4, 5, and 9.55 GHz, exhibits complete UWB (3.1‐10.5 GHz). Additionally, offers GPS/GSM compatibility for real time applications. Therefore, the proposed antenna has novel utility of compatibility enhancement among multiple wireless sensors interface embedded in advance IoT based application.
Wireless technology has significant improvement in features enhancement of device applications. It is highly desirable to operate multiple applications from a single device. A compact size antenna is presented for a variety of IoT based applications, such as home automation, surveillance, satellite communication, vehicle tracking, and medical instruments. This article explores an analytical solution of ultra-large band frequency characteristics of a compact size, trident shape, fractal patch antenna. The overall structure has dimension 18 × 12 × 1.6 mm 3. This antenna exhibits the multiedge radiating effects of fractal structure with the help of ground optimization technique. The design evolution consists of a performance measure of the antenna with varying characteristics of the EBG patterns with respect to fractal structure. The design is validated by fabricating the antenna on an FR4 (4.2) substrate, and the return loss & radiation characteristics are measured. The measured |S 11 | has the impedance bandwidth of 1.59-13.31 GHz and sustainable radiation characteristics. This miniaturized antenna is compatible with the GSM, GPS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WLAN, Wi-MAX, ISM, and other UWB spectrums. The gain of the antenna is 2.52 dBi for the complete operating range. Therefore, the proposed antenna is highly compatible with various wireless devices associated with IoT applications.
Due to the scarcity of the radio frequency spectrum, the emergent network sharing technique elicits the efficient use of licensed unutilized spectrum.Here, an ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip antenna is proposed for wireless cognitive radio sensor network (WCRSN). The antenna is uniquely designed for large spectrum scanning of channel vacancies in licensed frequency bands.Software-defined radios (SDR) govern the algorithmic controls on spectrum sensing and channel interface using an appropriate antenna. The antenna comprises the effects of fractal slot patch and electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) ground structures on 12 × 18 × 1.6 mm 3 FR4 (relative dielectric constant of 4.4) substrate. Circular polarization is achieved through corner truncation to make antenna orientation free in wireless sensing networks. The measured jS 11 j parameter offers 0.75-to 12-GHz wide spectrum sensing with 2.51-dBi average gain. The antenna is unique in compactness and includes lower edge bands of frequencies (0.75-3.1 GHz) along with UWB (3.1-12.0 GHz) for a very wide range scanning to utilize vacant channel opportunity in WCRSN through SDR. The proposed structure is experimented and validated for real-time wideband scanning of the frequency spectrum within the operating limit as per the allotted FCC standard.
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