Natural enzymes, such as biocatalysts, are widely used in biosensors, medicine and health, the environmental field, and other fields. However, it is easy for natural enzymes to lose catalytic activity due to their intrinsic shortcomings including a high purification cost, insufficient stability, and difficulties of recycling, which limit their practical applications. The unexpected discovery of the Fe3O4 nanozyme in 2007 has given rise to tremendous efforts for developing natural enzyme substitutes. Nanozymes, which are nanomaterials with enzyme-mimetic catalytic activity, can serve as ideal candidates for artificial mimic enzymes. Nanozymes possess superiorities due to their low cost, high stability, and easy preparation. Although great progress has been made in the development of nanozymes, the catalytic efficiency of existing nanozymes is relatively low compared with natural enzymes. It is still a challenging task to develop nanozymes with a precise regulation of catalytic activity. This review summarizes the classification and various strategies for modulating the activity as well as research progress in the different application fields of nanozymes. Typical examples of the recent research process of nanozymes will be presented and critically discussed.
Surface modification of MoSe2 via dextran during ultrasound exfoliation is demonstrated to be an efficient and easy strategy to accelerate the peroxidase-like catalytic activity of MoSe2 nanosheets at neutral pH....
Bacitracin (an antimicrobial peptide, AMP)-modified dextran-MoSe 2 nanosheets (AMP/dex-MoSe 2 NSs) were constructed and applied for low-temperature and synergetic antibacterial applications. The near-infrared (NIR) photothermal and peroxidase-like activities of dex-MoSe 2 were combined with the bacterial membrane-binding ability of AMP through electrostatic adsorption, and a multimode antibacterial method was realized. H 2 O 2 was converted into a hydroxyl radical (•OH) by AMP/dex-MoSe 2 , which exhibits a higher antibacterial activity and can avoid the toxicity of a high concentration of H 2 O 2 . Importantly, the production of •OH and the antibacterial efficiency of AMP/dex-MoSe 2 were accelerated by low-temperature heat sterilization with NIR irradiation. Owing to the AMP-guided binding and destruction effect to the bacterial membrane, AMP/dex-MoSe 2 shows a better antibacterial effect on Gram-negative Escherichia coli under NIR irradiation as compared to catalytic treatment or NIR photothermal sterilization alone. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity and hemolysis of AMP/dex-MoSe 2 were weak and in a relatively safe range. This multimode antibacterial strategy based on the AMP/ dex-MoSe 2 nanozyme will pave a way for the development of more safe and efficient antibacterial applications.
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