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Objective: Many studies have focused on the severity and prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women, which are limited by heterogeneity and diversity of subtypes. Subtyping facilitates the adaptation to prevention and clinical intervention strategies that target women. To determine the existence of significant subgroups of women with similar menopausal symptoms, a person-centered approach was used to identify potential profiles of women during the menopausal transition. In addition, we aimed to examine the association between latent subtypes and individual factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 797 middle-aged women, aged 40 to 60 years, who were recruited from Shandong Province, China, between December 2017 and August 2018. We identified the subtypes in menopausal symptoms by performing a latent class analysis according to the self-reported Menopause Rating Scale and evaluated the robustness of our identified subtypes using a sensitivity analysis. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to explore the association between emergent latent subtypes and sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial characteristics. Results: The mean age of participants was 49.83 ± 5.05 years. (1) Four potential classes were identified in middle-aged women: “severe symptoms” (14.9%), “dominant sleep-emotion symptoms” (31.4%), “physical/mental exhaustion symptoms” (32.5%), and “no symptoms” (21.2%). The four classes were also verified using a sensitivity analysis according to age and menopause status subgroups, which revealed the robust subtypes of menopausal symptoms. (2) The odds ratio of neuroticism, chronic diseases, and gynecological diseases were significantly higher for the “severe symptoms,” “dominant sleep-emotion symptoms,” and “physical/mental exhaustion symptoms” classes, compared to the “no symptoms” class, while the odds ratio of mindfulness and social support were lower. Conclusions: A person-centered approach for middle-aged women could address the unmet need to understand the heterogeneity of menopausal symptoms. Subtyping facilitates the identification of the potential causes of menopausal symptoms and the development of personalized interventions. Video Summary: http://links.lww.com/MENO/A830.

Background: Sleep disorders are common and seriously affect the prognosis of patients implanted with pacemakers. Aims: In this study, it was investigated whether social support directly impacts sleep quality and whether positive psychological capital mediates and gender moderates the relationship between social support and sleep quality among this group. Methods: A total of 178 patients implanted with pacemakers were recruited to participate in the study from 2 tertiary hospitals in Shandong, China. Patients were assessed using the Perceived Social Support Scale, Positive PsyCap Questionnaire, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Multiple linear regression and the PROCESS macro were used to test the mediating and moderated mediating effects. Results: Patients' mean PSQI score was (8.48 ± 4.50), and 71.30% of the patients had sleep problems (PSQI > 5). Social support scores were negatively correlated with PSQI scores (r = −0.19, P = .010) and positively correlated with positive psychological capital scores (r = 0.45, P < .001). In addition, positive psychological capital scores were negatively related to PSQI scores (r = −0.39, P < .001). The confidence interval (CI) from the bootstrap output indicated that positive psychological capital played a mediating role between social support and sleep quality (95% CI, −0.098 to −0.033), and gender moderated the association between social support and sleep via positive psychological capital (95% CI, −0.087 to −0.006). Conclusion: The sleep problems of this population cannot be ignored. Gender-based differences should be considered when guiding such patients toward using internal and external resources to cope with sleep problems.

Menopausal syndrome, which is a common and on-going problem among women during the menopausal transition, has negative effects on their mental health, body function, social life, and sense of well-being. [1][2][3] Menopausal syndrome is characterized by a variety of aspects, including somatic (e.g., vasomotor symptoms, insomnia, bone and joint pain), psychological (e.g., irritability, anxiety, memory loss), and urogenital (e.g., sexual problems, vaginal dryness) symptoms. 3 The growing concern for middle-aged women's menopausal syndrome has led to a large number of studies exploring effective strategies to manage these symptoms, and to improve the health and well-being in this group.Previous studies have examined the severity and prevalence of menopausal symptoms using measurements with summed item scores and/or individual item score. 4,5 However, none of these studies focused on the inner structure of menopausal syndrome of middle-aged women, including the central and bridge symptoms.Studies have looked at the associations between different menopausal symptoms. For example, hot flashes were significantly associated with vaginal dryness, where they were the most important and distressing symptoms among middle-aged women. 6 Studies

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BackgroundAlthough insomnia has been shown to play an important role in psychological distress among gastrointestinal cancer patients, little is known about the internal mechanisms underlying this relation. Coping styles have been shown to moderate the effect of sleep on emotion, and this moderating effect may be age-dependent.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to test how age and coping styles moderate the role of insomnia on psychological distress among gastrointestinal cancer patients.MethodsThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a convenience sample. A total of 352 patients with gastrointestinal cancer from two tertiary hospitals were recruited to participate in this study. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, the Insomnia Severity Index, and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire were used to assess patients’ psychological distress, insomnia, and coping styles, respectively. We performed hierarchical multiple regression and Johnson–Neyman statistical analysis to probe the moderating effect of coping styles and age.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 58.32 years. Nearly half of the participants reported psychological distress, and many reported insomnia. Insomnia was significantly positively associated with psychological distress. Coping styles and age moderated the relationship between insomnia and distress. Specifically, positive coping buffered the effect of insomnia on psychological distress only for subjects aged 34 years and younger; negative coping exacerbated the above relationship in patients aged 68 years and older while weakening the relationship in participants aged 51 years and younger.DiscussionThere are age differences in the moderating role of coping styles on the relationship between insomnia and distress among gastrointestinal cancer patients. This study provides preliminary evidence to inform tailored guidance on coping styles by age groups to attenuate the risk for psychological distress related to insomnia in the cancer population.