Many environmental monitoring applications that are based on the Internet of Things (IoT) require robust and available systems. These systems must be able to tolerate the hardware or software failure of nodes and communication failure between nodes. However, node failure is inevitable due to environmental and human factors, and battery depletion in particular is a major contributor to node failure. The existing failure detection algorithms seldom consider the problem of node battery consumption. In order to rectify this, we propose a low-power failure detector (LP-FD) that can provide an acceptable failure detection service and can save on the battery consumption of nodes. From simulation experiments, results show that the LP-FD can provide better detection speed, accuracy, overhead and battery consumption than other failure detection algorithms.
The Au/P3MT/AI sandwich structure has been studied by AES and XPS as well as I-V and C-V analyses. It is shown by experimental results that the properties of a conducting polymer are obviously different from that of conventional semiconductors. The characteristics of the conducting polymer/ metal interface are remarkably dependent on the work functions of the materials. The density distribution of ionized dopants at the surface of a conducting polymer will change as it makes contact with a metal. The time constant of transient characteristics of conducting polymerlmetal contacts is much longer than that of conventional semiconductor/metal contacts.
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