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With the frequent occurrence of extreme weather in cities, economic, ecological and social activities have been greatly impacted. The adverse effects of global extreme climate and effective governance have attracted more and more attention of scholars. Considering the differences between developed and developing countries in climate response capacity, a key issue is how to encourage developed countries to provide adequate assistance to developing countries and enhance their enthusiasm to participate in addressing climate change challenges. Given this background, we evaluated the carbon emission reduction effects of developing countries before and after a “quasi-natural experiment” which involved obtaining the assistance of climate-related funding from developed countries. Specifically, we analyzed the assistance behavior for recipient countries and found that climate assistance can effectively reduce the carbon emissions level of recipient countries, and this result has a better impact on non-island types and countries with higher levels of economic development. Furthermore, the achievement of this carbon emissions reduction target stems from the fact that climate assistance has promoted the optimization of the energy structure of recipient countries and promoted the substitution of renewable energy for coal consumption. In addition, climate-related development finance plays a significant role in promoting the scientific and technological level of recipient countries, especially the development impact of the adaptive climate-related development finance. Therefore, this paper suggests that the direction of climate assistance should focus more on island countries and countries with low economic development level, and pay more attention to the “coal withdrawal” of recipient countries and climate adaptation field.

Metallic-phase transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) exhibit unusual physicochemical properties compared with their semiconducting counterparts. However, they are thermodynamically unstable to access and it is even more challenging to construct their metastable-phase heterostructures. Herein, we demonstrate a general solution protocol for phase-controlled synthesis of distorted octahedral 1T WS 2 -based (1T structure denotes an octahedral coordination for W atom) multidimensional hybrid nanostructures from two-dimensional (2D), one-dimensional (1D), and zero-dimensional (0D) templates. This is realized by tuning the reactivity of tungsten precursor and the interaction between crystal surface and ligands. As a conceptual study on crystal phase-and dimensionality-dependent applications, we find that the three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical architectures achieved, comprising 1T WS 2 and 2D Ni 3 S 4 , are very active and stable for catalyzing hydrogen evolution. Our results open up a new way to rationally design phase-controlled nanostructures with increased complexity and more elaborate functionalities.

The aerodynamic and structural coupling optimization of a 1.5 MW wind turbine blade is conducted based on the multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA-II. Through the optimization of the chord lengths, the twist angles, and the number of laminating, an optimal solution set is obtained, in which the blade is lighter and the generating capacity is higher. Particularly, the fuzzy evaluation is performed after the multi-objective optimization to select the best design adapting to the specific working environment. A new method to determine the membership is proposed instead of experts vote when the fuzzy evaluation is carried out, which contributes to decreasing subjectivity, and saving much time, human and material resources. Hopefully, the method combining the multi-objective optimization and the fuzzy evaluation can be applied to the other similar projects in engineering.