Supply chain network design (SCND) is an important strategic decision determining the structure of each entity in the supply chain, which has an important impact on the long-term development of a company. An efficient and effective supply chain network is of vital importance for improving customer satisfaction, optimizing the allocation of resources, and increasing profitability. The environmental concerns and social responsibility awareness of the whole society have spurred researchers and managers to design sustainable supply chains (SSCs) integrating the economic, environmental, and social factors. In addition, the innate uncertainty of the SCND problem requires an integrated method to cope. In this regard, this study develops a multi-echelon multi-objective robust fuzzy closed-loop supply chain network (CLSCN) design model under uncertainty including all three dimensions of sustainability. This model considers the total cost minimization, carbon caps, and social impact maximization concurrently to realize supply chain sustainability, and is able to make a balance between the conflicting multiple objectives. Meanwhile, the uncertainty of the parameters is divided into two categories and addressed with two approaches: the first category is missed working days related to social impact, which is solved by the fuzzy membership theory; the second category is the demand and remanufacturing rate, which is settled by a robust optimization method. To validate the ability and applicability of the model and solution approach, a numerical example is conducted and solved using ILOG CPLEX. The result shows that the supply chain network structure and the value of the optimization objectives will change when considering sustainability and different degrees of uncertainty. This will enable supply chain managers to reduce the environmental impact and enhance the social benefits of their supply chain activities, and design a more stable supply chain to better cope with the influence of uncertainty.
Design and manufacturing of composite structures are driving the next generation innovation cycles for the aerospace, automotive and energy markets. Automated fiber placement (AFP) is quickly becoming the preferred manufacturing method of those structures as it offers manufacturing automation, reduces production cycle times, and decreases human induced errors. One of the major steps towards manufacturing structures with AFP technology is the selection of the optimal layup strategy. This is limited by, not only geometrical and process parameters, but certification allowable and guidelines. This paper outlines a systematic review of the multiple layup strategies practices currently used and/or investigated for the AFP manufacturing process. The optimal layup strategy needs to be selected and verified to obtain laminates with little to no manufacturing defects. Through a methodical description, the different layup strategies found in the literature are described as well as their mathematical implementation. Following, a geometrical benchmark is presented so that new layup strategies can be compared to others based on the same reference. The article can be the foundation for any new layup strategy investigation.
In this paper, a modified Fourier series method is presented for the free vibration of moderately thick orthotropic functionally graded plates with general boundary restraints based on the first-order shear deformation theory. Regardless of boundary restraints, displacements and rotations of each plate are described as an improved form of double Fourier cosine series and several closed-form auxiliary functions to eliminate all the boundary discontinuities and jumps. Exact solutions are obtained by the energy functions of the plates based on Rayleigh-Ritz method. The convergence and reliability of the current method and the corresponding theoretical formulations are verified by comparing the present results with those available in the literature, and numerous new results for orthotropic functionally graded (OFG) plates with general boundary restraints are presented. In addition, the effects of gradient index, volume fraction and geometric parameters on frequencies with general boundary restraints are illustrated.
3D printing technology which is also named as fast prototypinghas shown excellent resultsto manufacture more complex and sophiscated products;hence is increasingly being developed and widely applied. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the most popular 3D printing techniques available today because it's simple and easy to make, these cheap printers nowadays are using this technology. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is the material which is most commonly used among three kinds of common materials of FDM technology ABS, PLA, PVA. To design a patternfor using FDM technology using the printer UP2in particular, the exact calculations and the mechanical properties of the material ABS are required.The article focuses on testing the Izod impact strength.
A thermal power valve workshop applying the integrated technology of green planning for workshop layout and machining operations (GPIT) has been constructed from the demands of enterprise development. The key technology is to model the full life cycle production for the typical products in the workshop and carry out a green planning for the whole workshop. By the attribute analysis of the resource consumption and environment impacts, some adaptive processes of green manufacturing and prototypes of processing devices are developed for the physical productions in the valve workshop. The green planning and optimal operation for the workshop production is implemented and the remarkable environmental and economic benefits are gained.
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