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The water transport behavior in Nation 117 cation exchange membrane was studied using the streaming potential method. The water transference coefficient of the membranes in the H + form was found to be 2.6. The results also show that Nation 117 membranes have a good cation selectivity performance in HC1 solutions within a concentration range between 0.003 and IN. The water transference coefficients of the membranes equilibrated with alkali metal chlorides and alkaline earth metal chlorides solutions were investigated as well. It was found that the water transport behavior is related to the surface-charge density, hydration enthalpy of the cations exchanged in the membranes, and water content of the membrane. The effective diameter of the micropore in Nation 117 was estimated as 0.8 to 1.3 nm.

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Three environmentally friendly MOF-based HEDMs with high-nitrogen ligands present superior detonation properties, thermostability and insensitivity.

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A kind of 2D-layered material, Ti3C2 MXenes, was successfully used as a new and efficient co-catalyst to improve the photocatalytic NH3 synthesis performance of P25, due to its large surface area/2D-layered structure, large electric capacity, excellent electrical conductivity and effective chemisorption/activation of N2 molecules. The generation yield of NH3 was improved by 5 times on the optimized sample of 6% Ti3C2 MXenes-P25 compared with pure P25 under full spectrum light irradiation, consistent with the measured both photocurrent densities and charge lifetime. The further mechanistic study showed that Ti3C2 MXenes played an important role in the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs by accumulating the excited electrons from the excited P25. Most importantly, Ti3C2 MXenes could dramatically improve chemisorption and activation of N2 as demonstrated by ESR spectra and DFT calculations. In addition, Ti3C2 MXenes loading on P25 could introduce oxygen vacancies in P25, also beneficial for photocatalytic NH3 synthesis. Thus this study provides an efficient and promising co-catalyst for the photocatalytic NH3 synthesis process from N2 in air