Persistent luminescence material (PLM)‐based photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown tremendous promise in tumor elimination via avoiding continuous external light illumination. In addition, the tumor‐associated antigens produced by PDT can trigger systemic antitumor immune responses, but only exhibit a limited immunotherapy effect. Herein, a persistent luminescence immune hydrogel is developed via a “turning solid into gel” strategy by introducing a PLM and an immunoadjuvant (R837) into an alginate‐Ca2+ hydrogel for rechargeable photodynamic‐immunotherapy of tumors, for the first time. The designed PLM‐R837‐ALG hydrogel exhibits the intact persistent luminescence of the PLM, 100% of utilization efficiency of the hydrophobic precursors, good biocompatibility and syringeability, and can be easily injected into tumors to serve as an internal light source for efficiently activating photosensitizers to induce a sustained PDT effect. Moreover, the loaded R837 can significantly amplify the immunogenicity of tumor‐associated antigens originating from PL sensitized PDT, thereby leading to a powerful immune response to suppress tumors in vivo. The proposed PL‐based photodynamic‐immunotherapy provides a novel combined tumor treatment paradigm.
Black
titanium oxide has attracted tremendous interest in tumor phototherapy
via converting light energy to heat and reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Nevertheless, current synthesis methods suffer from inert gas shielding,
high costs, complicated procedures, and expensive facilities, which
are fairly impractical for treatment application. Herein, we propose
a one-step strategy for fast facile synthesis of black TiO nanoparticles
via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis approach with Ti power,
hydrochloric acid, and hydrofluoric acid without the requirement of
an reducing agent and high-temperature calcination. The prepared black
TiO nanoparticles with an average size of 52 nm exhibit strong absorbance
from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared light region, favoring a single
agent and single light-induced synergistic phototherapy of tumors.
The black TiO nanoparticles shows an excellent performance in phototherapy
with a photothermal conversion efficiency up to 50% and a prominent
ROS generation under 808 nm laser irradiation. The toxicity and therapeutic
effect in vitro and in vivo are investigated, and the results elucidate
that black TiO nanoparticles possess good biocompatibility and remarkable
synergistic tumor therapeutic efficacy. The proposed microwave-assisted
method opens up a novel way for the synthesis of titanium-based material
in a simple and fast manner, promoting their applications in the biomedical
field.
A persistent luminescent metal–organic framework (PLNPs@MIL-100(Fe)) was prepared via the layer-by-layer method for high spatial resolution MR imaging and autofluorescence-free NIR imaging-guided drug delivery.
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