Over
the past two decades, the solid–electrolyte interphase
(SEI) layer that forms on an electrode’s surface has been believed
to be pivotal for stabilizing the electrode’s performance in
lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, more and more researchers currently
are realizing that the metal-ion solvation structure (e.g., Li+) in electrolytes and the derived interfacial model (i.e.,
the desolvation process) can affect the electrode’s performance
significantly. Thus, herein we summarize recent research focused on
how to discover the importance of an electrolyte’s solvation
structure, develop a quantitative model to describe the solvation
structure, construct an interfacial model to understand the electrode’s
performance, and apply these theories to the design of electrolytes.
We provide a timely review on the scientific relationship between
the molecular interactions of metal ions, anions, and solvents in
the interfacial model and the electrode’s performance, of which
the viewpoint differs from the SEI interpretations before. These discoveries
may herald a new, post-SEI era due to their significance for guiding
the design of LIBs and their performance improvement, as well as developing
other metal-ion batteries and beyond.
Single-crystalline trigonal tellurium (t-Te) nanotubes with sloping cross-section and hexagonal cross-section can be selectively synthesized on a large scale by a simple solvothermal reduction route, using tellurium dioxide (TeO 2 ) as tellurium source and ethylene glycol (EG) as both a reducing agent and a solvent in the presence of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and cellulose acetate (CA), respectively. The individual Te nanotubes with cylindrical morphology and open ends have outer diameters of 100-500 nm, wall thicknesses of 50-100 nm, and lengths of 150-200 µm. Both kinds of Te nanotubes grow along the [001] direction and have excellent crystallinity. The optical properties and the stability in ethanol of the t-Te nanotubes with sloping cross section have been investigated.
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