Corrosion study of conventional reinforcement in concrete has been accorded wider importance in the last few decades based on the losses occurring in monitoring concrete structures. It is well known that the presence of chloride ions is one of the most significant factors contributing to the corrosion of reinforcing steel. Practically, it is observed that in the marine environment, the activating substances such as chlorides that penetrate the steel can counteract the passivity locally when the electrolyte is highly alkaline. The concrete cover is changed chemically when chloride ionspenetrate into the material, whereupon the pore solution is neutralized. Based on numerous studies, it is evident that steel fibers and glass fibers have less impact on cracked sections in a chloride environment and can oppose chloride infiltration. Glass fibers, when exposed to repeated freeze and thaw conditions, protect the passive layer. This review article highlights the corrosion behavior of reinforced concrete involving various factors such as cracking behavior, transportation, electric conductivity, resistivity, and diffusion of chloride ions in the presence of steel and glass fibers.
Major aspects that were considered while designing a structure are safety and serviceability. Serviceability is also called as life span of structure reduces, when exposed to severe environments. Solid waste management in developing nations has been growing everyday, which influenced the scientists and researchers around the world in recycling and application of solid waste in various fields. Introduction of waste and recycled fibers in concrete is quite prominent from last few decades. In this research, electric waster copper fibers (EWCF) are added to concrete to test mechanical properties and chloride ion penetration that could reduce the durability of concrete. Adopted percentages of copper fibers added to the concrete are 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75 and 2.00 for volume of concrete. Concrete introduced with EWCF was tested for compression, tensile, flexural and elastic modulus to determine mechanical behavior. Most optimal EWCF percentage of replacement that increased the strength of concrete is 1.0% in volume of concrete. Water absorption, sorptivity, acid attack, bulk diffusion and rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT) were performed on concrete with EWCF to evaluate the durability and microstructure performance. E-Glass and Steel fibers were also adopted in the study to compare the mechanical properties and durability. Optimum values for both strength and durability were determined from the experimental test results.
Car bumpers can deform to absorb impact energy. For static and modal analysis, a Benz vehicle bumper was used. These analyses used a variety of bumper materials, including glass-mat thermoplastic, aluminium alloy, and mild steel with chromium plating (GMT). The majority of modern cars have bumpers composed of PC/ABS, a material blend of polycarbonate (PC) and Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). PETG, ABS, and TPU. The deformation and strains grow as the car's speed rises from 55 km/hr to 90 km/hr, according to the static study. At a car speed of 75 km/h, the deformation and stress in the automobile bumper were at their highest. It was found through the static analysis that the stress values for PP material were lower.
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