In this study, additions of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles into diesel- Bombax ceiba methyl ester (BCME) and n-butanol (C4H9OH) and the impact of nano particles on the emission and performance characteristics of a diesel engine were studied experimentally. The n-butanol in fuel samples significantly influenced the physicochemical properties of the blends. The TiO2 nanoparticles were added at different concentrations of 30, 60, and 90 ppm. The ratio of 1:4 TiO2: QPAN 80 was observed to deliver maximum possible stability in biodiesel. In addition, more oxygen in n-butanol and nano additives minimize environmental air pollution. The experiments employed Diesel, B20, B20Bu10, B20Bu10T30, B20Bu10T60, and B20Bu10T90 blends using the four-stroke, direct injection diesel engine with single-cylinder. The experimental results showed that adding 60 ppm TiO2 nano particles in B20Bu10 improved thermal efficiency by 8.36% and reduced the brake-specific fuel consumption by 21.6% compared to B20Bu10. The B20Bu10T60 blend reduced the carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned Hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions by 22.91% and 12% correspondingly compared with other blends. The above results demonstrated the optimal improvement in whole engine performance characteristics and fewer environmental pollutants at a dosage level of 60 ppm TiO2 nano particles.

In the current research, the engine performance, combustion, and emission parameters of biodiesel mixture 20% Tamarind oil methyl ester and 80% Diesel (B20) with the inclusion of titanium dioxide (TiO2) in different concentrations (25.50 and 75 ppm) and 10% v/v dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as fuel additive investigated using a single-cylinder, 4-stroke, direct injection (DI), compression ignition (CI) engine. The nano fuel blends were prepared through the ultrasonication process. The ratio of 1:4 TiO2: QPAN80 was produced higher stability and consistency out of five trials. TiO2 were characterized using FESEM, HR-TEM, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and X-Ray diffraction. Fuel properties were determined as per the ASTM standards. Engine tests were carried out to determine the engine performance under varied loads such as 25, 50, 75, and 100% while keeping a uniform speed of 1500 rpm. The maximum reduction in BSFC, CO, HC, and NOx were found to be 17.64%, 9.49%, 7.81%, and 6.53%, and the increased BTE was observed to be 6.13% for B20T50DMC10 compared to B20 blend at full load. Thus, the combined effect of TiO2 and DMC served excellent engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics in CI engine operation.

Esters of vegetable oil and bio oil produced by pyrolysis of various biomass resources have greater scope as alternative fuels for the future in power and transportation sectors. In this experiments were conducted to evaluate the combustion parameters of a compression ignition engine fuelled with biodiesel-bio oil emulsion and hydrogen on a dual fuel mode. Hydrogen was inducted in small quantities in a diesel engine whereas an emulsion of bio-oil and methyl ester of karanja was injected into the cylinder as a main fuel. The impact of dual fuel mode on rate of pressure rise, peak pressure, ignition delay and heat release rate of the engine were studied. The results were compared with diesel fuel operation and presented in this paper.keywords -bio-diesel, biomass, bio-oil, emulsion, hydrogen enrichment, pyrolysis.

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