A quest of vacant parking space in the public area can indirectly lead to traffic congestion which can be troublesome for drivers in terms of time efficiency. This study is expected to assist drivers to get the available parking slots information in a real-time manner and support the parking control systems by constantly updating the information of vacant parking slots positions in public areas. A vision-based parking slots recognition method is proposed to identify occupied areas by vehicle which is divided into two main parts: setup configuration and object detection. Canny Edge and Hough Line Transform are used to achieve line detection for parallel parking slot marking; contour extraction and bounding rectangular are then applied for an initial parameter to form a reference area as a region of interest (ROI). Moreover, Structural Similarity Index Measurement (SSIM) exploits the reference image and target image to identify whether the area is empty or occupied by vehicle depending on structure comparison. Experimental result shows, from 50 sample images of parking slots attained by surveillance camera, the detection accuracy of 92% and precision of 89% are obtained using selected features with tuning SSIM threshold level of 0.4.
Indonesia is predicted to increase energy needs by 4.1 GW each year until the year 2030. These energy needs are using fossil fuels, which will harm the environment because of air pollution. Based on that fact, the reduction of energy consumption in Indonesia is a must. One of the highest energy demands is in the building sector. The building for both residential and commercial consumes 61.5% of national total energy consumption. Moreover, in the building sector, almost 60% is consumed for air conditioning (AC) systems, and one-third of the total energy consumption is for other electrical equipment. Nevertheless, to maintain thermal comfort in a building, the AC system is crucial, and the intention to remove it reduces occupants’ comfort significantly. The AC system that has a lot of energy consumption depends on the cooling load. However, because of the complexity in the calculation, several heat gains in cooling load (namely, people, equipment, lighting, solar, and ventilation) need to simulate. In this study, the simulation software is IES-VE software. Furthermore, a research object in this study is Asrama Kinanti 1 that is known as a kind of residential building in Universitas Gadjah Mada, operating 24 hours a day. The results show that the external heat gains (solar and ventilation) can be minimized during 8:00 A.M. to 3:30 P.M. Meanwhile, the internal heat gains (lighting, people, and equipment) can be reduced during the rest of the day.
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