A TALE of two assays: Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are programmable proteins that can specifically recognize a DNA sequence. Previous strategies for the synthesis of TALEs were complicated and time-consuming. The solid-phase synthesis strategy demonstrated here allows quick and simple purification of the ligation product.
So viel einfacher: Transkriptionsaktivator‐ähnliche Effektoren (TALEs) sind programmierbare Proteine, die eine DNA‐Sequenz spezifisch erkennen. Frühere Ansätze zur Synthese von TALEs waren schwierig und zeitaufwendig. Die hier vorgestellte Festphasensynthesestrategie (siehe Schema) ermöglicht eine schnelle und einfache Reinigung des Ligationsprodukts.
The goal of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the relationship between peripheral blood platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and mortality in sepsis and to integrate the findings in a meta-analysis. An electronic search of three main databases was performed: PubMed, Embase, and Scopus on 19 December 2021. Finally, 16 studies comprising 2403 septic patients, including 1249 survivors and 1154 nonsurvivors, were included in this meta-analysis. We found that PLR levels were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors (random effect model: SMD = 0.72 , 95% CI; 0.35–1.10, p < 0.001 ). However, significant heterogeneity was observed across the studies ( I 2 = 94.1 % , p < 0.01 ). So, we used random effect model in our meta-analysis. In the subgroup analysis, according to mortality time, patients deceased during one month after sepsis had elevated levels of PLR compared to survivors ( SMD = 1.03 , 95% CI = 0.15 -1.92, p = 0.22 ). However, in-hospital mortality was not associated with PLR level ( SMD = 0.41 , 95% CI = − 0.18 -0.99, p = 0.175 ). Our findings support PLR to be a promising biomarker that can be readily integrated into clinical settings to aid in the prediction and prevention of sepsis mortality.
Recent effective use of TAL Effectors (TALEs) has provided an important approach to the design and synthesis of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. However, it is still a challenging task to design and manufacture effective TALE modulators because of the limited knowledge of TALE–DNA interactions. Here we synthesized more than 200 TALE modulators and identified two determining factors of transcription activity in vivo: chromatin accessibility and the distance from the transcription start site. The implementation of these modulators in a gain-of-function screen was successfully demonstrated for four cell lines in migration/invasion assays and thus has broad relevance in this field. Furthermore, a novel TALE–TALE modulator was developed to transcriptionally inhibit target genes. Together, these findings underscore the huge potential of these TALE modulators in the study of gene function, reprogramming of cellular behaviors, and even clinical investigation.
Behaviors of platonic bacteria individuals are profoundly influenced by their interplay. However, probing such interplay still remains a challenge since identification and tracking of bacterial individuals becomes difficult as they come close and interact with each other. Herein, we report 3D tracking of the motions of multiple bacteria by using digital holographic microscopy (DHM), where the subtle 3D behaviors can be characterized as bacteria approach and run away from each other. An algorithm was developed to identify and recover the gap between 3D trajectory segments raising by the interruption from other bacteria through lateral image recognition and axial loalization utilizing cost function. We value the performance of the algorithm in terms of the statistics in trajectory length and correct rate. The study clearly shows how the interplaying Escherichia coli alter their motions.
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