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The motivation for this study is to uncover career-related issues that high-skilled female immigrants face and their strategies for rebuilding their careers upon migration to a new land.To explore this topic, we performed in-depth interviews with 14 Turkish female immigrants in the U.S. who have successfully rebuilt their careers from scratch upon migration. Content analysis of in-depth interviews with key informants on the subject revealed five theoretical themes that captured the career experiences of these individuals: non-linear career entry, career-orientation, immigrant spirit, social support network, and socialization patterns at work.Integrating these findings with theories on adult learning, we developed a series of theoretical propositions for an experiential learning model of career reconstruction among high-skilled immigrants.3

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This study focused on the perceptions and reactions of observers in abusive supervision situations, with regard to the premises of the Bystander Intervention Framework. A 2 x 2 x 2 design was used based on observer's, perpetrator's, and victim's gender. Several vignettes for four different perpetrator-victim dyads (e.g., female perpetrator-male victim) were developed. Participants (N = 197) read these vignettes consecutively over five days and finally were asked to evaluate the perceived acceptability of the abusive supervision, and rate their willingness to help the victim. Results revealed that higher power distance orientation increased perceived acceptability of abusive supervision, and higher perceived acceptability increased avoidance of help while simultaneously decreasing willingness to provide direct or indirect help. The gender of the perpetrator was critical in perceived acceptability, whereby male observers were more tolerant toward male perpetrators. In addition, the gender of the victim was a determinant of the type of help given.