Individual innovation and its antecedent factors, both at the group and individual level, are becoming a topic of increasing interest to entrepreneurs. However, research on this area has not yet proved adequate. This study aims to develop and test a multilevel model of antecedents of group members' innovation. Constructive culture and knowledge management are treated as group-level antecedents. Creativity and self-leadership are treated as individual-level antecedents. Data are collected from 1,526 group members in 138 producer groups of community products in the Northeast of Thailand. Results indicate that creativity fully mediates the effects of self-leadership, groups' constructive culture, and knowledge management on innovation among group members. Furthermore, constructive culture also moderates the effects of creativity on innovation.

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According to Global Co-working Growth Study 2020 (Coworking resources, 2020), the numbers of co-working spaces are growing. However, gaining new customers still is challenging, referring to the DeskMag’s report (Kowrk Blog, 2017). From a practical standpoint, this is problematic. This research assumes that if current customers intend to recommend co-working space to new customers, the problem would become less problematic. However, there is no theoretical model that could explain the phenomenon of interest from previous researches. This is a problem from a theoretical standpoint. Therefore, a model, as such, is needed. Thus, this paper develops a conceptual model that could explain what factors drive intention to recommend. The model includes antecedents, overall satisfaction, and intention to recommend. Four statistical analyses were required to analyse the proposed model. Regression analysis was used to test all the relationships, all supported. This becomes a new model that could explain the phenomenon of interest. Then, path analysis was conducted to calculated direct, indirect, and total effects of paths leading to intention to recommend. Then, testing of the indirect effects were carried out to test the effects of antecedents on intention to recommend, all significant. Finally, the total effects were, then, ranked.