These results confirm the potential of these mucoadhesive vaginal tablets to enhance P4 efficacy and avoid the side effects associated with IM injection.

Curcumin (CUR) is one of the most commonly used herbal product; it shows effective antiinflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. However, poor aqueous solubility and low permeability are the major challenges in therapeutic application of curcumin. One class of vesicular nanocarriers called "Niosome and ethosome" which have proved to possess distinct advantages were used to encapsulate curcumin and evaluated for their morphology, particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE%) and drug release. They were incorporated into hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC15000) gel then, evaluated on the rat skin via inhibition of carrageenan induced rat paw edema. The results showed that the particle size of curcumin loaded niosomes and ethosomes were ranged (317.5±1.91 to 558.3±8.587 nm) and (182.1±5.3 to 354.5±30.03 nm), respectively. Skin permeation studies demonstrated that CUR permeability coefficient through rat kin for gel formulations of loaded vesicles was ~ four times higher as compared to free CUR. The in-vivo anti-inflammatory studies proved that gel formulations of CUR vesicles possessed higher significant inhibition of carrageenan induced rat paw edema when compared to pure curcumin. Accordingly, the results revealed that, curcumin loaded nanovesicels held great potential approaches as anti-inflammatory in topical application.

These results confirm that Brij®35 and Pluronic® F-127 micelles are promising carriers to overcome PG shortcomings through enhancing its aqueous solubility and vaginal permeability.

Albumin is used as a plasma expander in critically ill patients and for several other clinical applications mainly via intravenous infusion. Oral administration of albumin can improve patient compliance although limited oral bioavailability of proteins is still a major challenge. Although nanomaterials have been extensively utilized for improving oral delivery of proteins, albumin has been utilized only as either a model drug or as a carrier for drug delivery. In the current study, for the first time, chitosan nanoparticles have been developed and extensively optimized to improve oral bioavailability of albumin as a therapeutic protein. Several characterizations have been performed for the albumin-loaded nanoparticles (e.g. drug encapsulation efficiency, DSC, FTIR, particle size, zeta potential, morphology, release kinetics, and enzymatic stability). Nanosized spherical particles were prepared and demonstrated high stability over three months either in a powdered form or as suspensions. Sustained release of albumin over time and high enzymatic stability as compared to the free albumin were observed. In vivo, higher serum concentrations of albumin in normal rabbits and cirrhotic rats were attained following oral and intraperitoneal administrations of the albumin-loaded nanoparticles as compared to the free albumin. The nanoparticles developed in the current study might provide efficient nanovehicles for oral administration of therapeutic albumin.

Floating beads have been formed to create a prolonged drug release in the stomach and to reduce the number of frequencies, thereby overcoming its side effects. The current study is concerned with the design and evaluation of stomach-specific oil embedded floating beads of celecoxib in a capsule. Hard gelatin capsules (size 1) were filled with celecoxib oil entrapped beads. A 2³ factorial design was used to investigate the effects of different weight masses of HPMC K4M, Sodium alginate, and maize starch on drug encapsulation efficiency (EE) of beads and percent of cumulative drug release at 6 hours (R6h) from capsules. The optimization results show an increase in EE in the oil entrapped beads and a decrease in R6h from capsules with increases in the weights of HPMC K4M, Sodium alginate, and maize starch. The optimized formulation (F6) had EE of 91.80±0.20% and R6h of 37.88±1.39%. The capsules floated over 6 h and released the drug in gastric pH (1.2) during the first two hours then in phosphate buffer pH (6.8) for another four hours. An X-ray imaging in vivo study of optimised capsules containing CXB oil embedded floating beads in rabbits indicated stomachspecific gastro retention throughout a long time. An in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy of optimized CXB floating beads showed sustained drug release and better inhibition of rats' hind paw edema.