It is essential to ensure not only personal safety but also the equipment and facilities where sports are practiced. This study analyses the implementation of non-mandatory UNE-EN safety standards of different sports facilities that are directly managed by Seville´s Municipal Sports Institute (Spain). A quantitative, descriptive, and transversal study was carried out, using observation sheets created by the Biomechanics Institute of Valencia (IBV), and the High Sport Council, to analyse a total of 45 facilities for practicing sports such as basketball (baskets), handball and indoor football (goals), football (goals), volleyball and tennis (poles and net). The results indicate that the standards are not fully met (100%) for any of the equipment tested. Regarding the overall compliance rate, there is 60.40% for handball and futsal and 53.40% for tennis. For general issues, the equipment with the highest degree of compliance is football (76.50%) and the worst percentage is volleyball (40%).Regarding structural aspects, the handball/futsal goals stand out at 66.10% while tennis posts have the worst compliance at 46.40%. Finally, regarding net aspects, basketball stands out at 69.40% vs. 18.83% for football. These compliance percentages, which are around 50%, should be given attention by the authorities, and authorities must make this policy mandatory to ensure safety during the practice of different sports.
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of the structural components of different 3rd generation artificial turf football field systems on the biomechanical response of impact attenuation in amateur football players. A total of 12 amateur football players (24.3 ± 3.7 years, 73.5 ± 5.5 kg, 178.3 ± 4.1 cm and 13.7 ± 4.3 years of sport experience) were evaluated on three third generation artificial turf systems (ATS) with different structural components. ATS were composed of asphalt sub-base and 45 mm of fibre height with (ATS1) and without (ATS2) elastic layer or compacted granular sub-base, 60 mm of fibre height without elastic layer (ATS3). Two triaxial accelerometers were firmly taped to the forehead and the distal end of the right tibia of each individual. The results reveal a higher force reduction on ATS3 in comparison to ATS1 (+6.24%, CI95%: 1.67 to 10.92, ES: 1.07; p < 0.05) and ATS2 (+21.08%, CI95%: 16.51 to 25.66, ES: 2.98; p < 0.05) elastic layer. Tibia acceleration rate was lower on ATS3 than ATS1 (−0.32, CI95%: −0.60 to −0.03, ES: 4.23; p < 0.05) and ATS2 (−0.35, CI95%: −0.64 to −0.06; ES: 4.69; p < 0.05) at 3.3 m/s. A very large correlation ( r = 0.7 to 0.9; p < 0.05) was found between energy restitution and fibre height in both head and tibial peak acceleration and stride time. In conclusion, structural components (fibre height, infill, sub-base and elastic layer) determine the mechanical properties of artificial turf fields. A higher force reduction and lower energy restitution diminished the impact received by the player which could protect against injuries associated with impacts compared to harder artificial turf surfaces.
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