There is no systematic sensory-perceptual deficit in AN patients, and specifically, not in gustatory function. The few differences shown might be due to fear of food-related stimuli or comorbidity.
ObjectivesTo distinguish between ethnic differences among segregated schoolgirls and restrictive anorexia nervosa using a simple culture-fair test of body image (BI) figure drawings.MethodsSeveral responses to BI figure drawings by 178 adolescent schoolgirls from three ethnically distinct and segregated schools and communities in Israel, Jewish secular (JS), Jewish Haredi (H), and Christian Arab (C), and a group of 14 severely restricting anorexic girls (AN). BI evaluations were analyzed by MANCOVA, followed by paired or Student-t tests for comparisons between responses and groups respectively. Pearson r served for correlations and the Fisher Z for differences between slopes.ResultsDespite the total ethnic segregation among the schoolgirls, there are commonalities; all prefer a thinner ideal BI, and are similarly dissatisfied with their BI. However, ethnic differences also emerge: C underestimate their BI and how others view them, and H true and Ideal BI evaluations correlate, unlike the other groups. Despite this variability, and in stark contrast, the anorexic girls show a gross misperception of their BI, even in comparison to girls equated for BMI.DiscussionThe findings show that figure drawings evaluation of BI is a simple and robust instrument dissociating clinical and ethnic responses. Clinicians may consider body figure drawings as a simple, supportive, diagnostic for first-line recognition for risk of AN in adolescent girls.
Background: Adolescence is a vulnerable period for the development of nutritional anemia. Aim: To evaluate the determinants of iron deficiency, anemia, and associated factors among adolescents who performed routine blood tests in a large district in Israel during 2014. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted among adolescents aged 11-18 years, belonging to Haifa and west Galilee district of 'Clalit' Health Services, who routinely performed blood tests during 2014. The blood tests were investigated for iron deficiency (ferritin<20 ng/mL) or anemia (hemoglobin (HGB)<12 g/dl). Results: Among 22310 adolescents who performed blood tests during 2014, 4116 (18.45%) were found to fulfill the inclusion criteria. 14.8% were boys, 85.2% were girls. 2964 (13.2%) adolescents were anemic, with HGB<12 g/dl, and mean HGB concentration of 11.27 g/dl. 1152 (5.16%) adolescents had hemoglobin>12 g/dl, but ferritin levels<20 ng/mL, with mean ferritin level of 14.31 ng/mL. Jews significantly had higher mean MCV values, and higher iron levels as compared to non-Jews. The average HGB levels were the lowest in the age groups of 12.5-15.5 years, and 15.5-17 years. The severity of the anemia correlated significantly with the gender of the adolescent, females having lower HGB concentrations. Ferritin levels correlated significantly with the gender (higher in males), and age of the adolescents (lower at higher ages). Conclusions: Iron deficiency and anemia are common in adolescents, having serious implications. Awareness to this problem should be raised, and decision makers are encouraged to find ways to prevent detect and treat it.
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