Industrial pig farms involve intensive use of sows with high genetic potential to produce the highest possible number of viable piglets. Developing against the background of an imbalance of peroxide reactions and antioxidant protection, oxidative stress is the cause of postpartum diseases in sows, which lead to a decrease or cessation of milk secretion, high morbidity and death of newborn piglets. The aim of the work was to study different levels of metabolic status in pregnant sows in the norm and in the event of postpartum endometritis in them. The article presents the studies on the indicators of the antioxidant defense system, nitric oxide and endogenous intoxication in sows during gestation. The study included sows of 3-4 farrowings. The sows were included after farrowing, on the basis of a clinical examination, were divided into two groups: clinically healthy and with signs of postpartum endometritis. On day 38-40 of gestation, the state of physiological oxidative stress was established in sows of both groups. On days 78-81 of gestation, they noted a decrease in the accumulation of proteolysis products and activation of the enzymatic and nonenzymatic components of the antioxidant system. At the same time, in sows with endometritis, compared with healthy animals, an increased content of malondialdehyde, medium molecular weight peptides and medium-weight molecules, reduced activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, vitamins A, E, and C were revealed in all periods of the study. They also had a high level of stable nitrogen metabolites involved in the development of oxidative stress and in the mechanisms of antioxidant protection.
The relevance of this study is due to the need to assess the functioning of the cellular component of the immune system in dynamics in sows before insemination, during periods of gestation and lactation in the norm and in the event of postpartum pathology.The purpose of the research is to study cellular immunity in sows in different physiological conditions. The article presents the results of a study of cellular immunity in sows before insemination, during periods of gestation and lactation in normal and postpartum pathology in an industrial pigbreeding complex. Cellular immunity indicators were determined in the blood: T- and Blymphocytes, theophylline-resistant (Ttfr), theophylline-sensitive (Ttfh) lymphocytes and their ratio (Ttfr/Ttfh) in accordance with the "Methodological recommendations for assessing and correcting the immune status of animals" .Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the program Statistica v6.1, reliability assessment - Student's test. It has been established that before insemination, diseased animals have reduced cellular adaptive immunity compared to clinically healthy sows. With the onset of gestation (37-39 days), sows of both groups showed suppression of cellular immunity, which is necessary to ensure the tolerance of the mother's body to fetal alloantigens, the normal course of pregnancy and fetal development, which was more significant in diseased animals. In the second half of gestation (78-80 days), the marked increase in cellular adaptive immunity in sows of both groups is associated with the effect of antigens of the administered vaccines, which was more pronounced in clinically healthy animals. During lactation, the cellular immune response to the administered vaccines in diseased sows was also less significant.
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